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Physical Review A

Method for calculating analytical solutions of the Schrödinger equation: Anharmonic oscillators and generalized Morse oscillators

Lubomír Skála, Jakub Čı́žek, J. Dvořák, V. Špirko

Published Apr 1, 1996• 30 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A method for calculating the analytical solutions of the one-dimensional Schr\"odinger equation is suggested. A general discussion of the possible forms of the potentials and wave functions that are necessary to get the analytical solution is presented. In general, the analytical solutions appear in multiplets corresponding to the quantum number n of the harmonic oscillator. As an application, known solutions for the anharmonic oscillators are critically recalculated and a few additional results are found. Analytical solutions are also found for the generalized Morse oscillators. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.53.2009

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A method for calculating the analytical solutions of the one-dimensional Schr"odinger equation is suggested. A general discussion of the possible forms of the potentials and wave functions that are necessary to get the analytical solution is presented. In general, the analytical solutions appear in multiplets corresponding to the quantum number n of the harmonic oscillator. As an application, known solutions for the anharmonic oscillators are critically recalculated and a few additional results are found. Analytical solutions are also found for the generalized Morse oscillators. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
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An alternative method for obtaining analytical solutions of the time-independent Schrödinger equation (TISE) is developed and applied to 1-dimensional model quantum systems of interest in atomic and molecular physics. The method is based on proposing a wave function that is a product of two functions, one of them an integrating factor. The differential equation resulting from operating the TISE on the product wave function is compared with a differential equation with a known solution. This comparison produces a system of differential equations for the integrating factor. This system of equations is easily solved for model quantum systems such as the harmonic oscillator, the hydrogen atom and the Morse oscillator. The method presented simplifies some approaches shown in textbooks, based on asymptotic analyses of the TISE, and power series methods with recurrence relations. In addition, the method presented here facilitates the understanding of the relationship between the ordinary differential equations of the mathematical physics and the TISE of physical models as the harmonic oscillator, the Hydrogen atom, and the Morse oscillator.
In 1926, E.Schrödinger found an analytical solution for the time evolution of the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator Schrödinger Equation. This solution is not in the form of a summation of energy eigenstate wave functions, which provides a new perspective on the time evolution in quantum mechanics. This paper mainly analyzes this analytical time evolution solution and presents two derivation methods. Then the paper further generalizes to obtain more non-series analytical solutions for time evolution oscillator, and finds the recursive relation to obtain these analytical solutions. Finally, the educational significance and applications of these analytical solutions are discussed.
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Piela replies: The Morse oscillator is a single point mass subject to the Morse original potential cited in Ilya Kaplan’s book, equation 5.22. Contrary to what Donald Truhlar writes, the Morse oscillator does not represent two point masses with a spring, not to mention a diatomic molecule. Therefore, Kaplan’s equation 5.23 is an exact solution of the Schrödinger equation for the Morse oscillator. The same solution is, of course, an approximate one for the Schrödinger equation for two point masses with a Morse-like spring or any real diatomic molecule.Truhlar could literally repeat his arguments for the harmonic oscillator, instead of the Morse one. His conclusion in such a case would mean that the widely known solution to the Schrödinger equation for the harmonic oscillator is not exact. 1 1. L. Piela, Ideas of Quantum Chemistry, Elsevier, Amsterdam (2007), p. 239. REFERENCESSection:ChooseTop of pageREFERENCES <<1. L. Piela, Ideas of Quantum Chemistry, Elsevier, Amsterdam (2007), p. 239. Google Scholar© 2008 American Institute of Physics.