We establish a geometrical theory in terms of torsion fields and their singularities of quantum jumps and of the propagation of wave‐front singularities described by the eikonal equation of geometrical optics basic to Fock’s theory of gravitation and General Relativity. The latter equations correspond to the wavefront propagation for the Maxwell and Einstein equations. We discuss the genesis of spacetime in terms of these singularities and torsion fields. We introduce the class of solutions of the wave propagation (defined in terms of the metric geometry) and the eikonal equations. The lagrangian functional for quantum jumps defined in terms of the quantum potential is introduced. We give a formula that characterizes the quantum jumps in terms of an extension of the argument principle in complex analysis. We show that the wave propagation in terms of the metric geometry under a change of gauge has a natural expression as a wave propagation in terms of the laplacians associated to a torsion geometry of the Cartan‐Weyl type which has an additional interaction first‐order torsion term. In this geometry there is a differential one‐form trace‐torsion term given by the logarithmic differential of (monochromatic) waves. It is shown that quantum jumps are associated with the Cartan‐Weyl geometry, through a torsion potential given by the logarithmic differential of the composition of an analytic function ‐or alternatively a twice differentiable function‐ with a monochromatic wave function. In particular, if follows that monochromatic wave functions generate torsion. The node sets of monochromatic functions are shown to be the locus for quantum jumps. In the case of the metric being Minkowski or positive‐definite, the generalized laplacians corresponding to this torsion geometry, are generators of Brownian motions in which the torsion describes the drift of the Brownian processes. We show that this torsion potential and its singularities due to the nodes of the monochromatic wave functions, gives rise to an Aharonov‐Bohm effect. We briefly indicate the role of quantum jumps in establishing a global time and space coordinates in semiclassical General Relativity. We indicate some relations between the present approach to the geometry of quantum jumps, and the problem of topographical representation in visual perception, the Klein bottle, quantum physics and holography.
We establish a geometrical theory in terms of torsion fields and their singularities of quantum jumps and of the propagation of wave‐front singularities described by the eikonal equation of geometrical optics basic to Fock’s theory of gravitation and General Relativity. The latter equations correspond to the wavefront propagation for the Maxwell and Einstein equations. We discuss the genesis of spacetime in terms of these singularities and torsion fields. We introduce the class of solutions of the wave propagation (defined in terms of the metric geometry) and the eikonal equations. The lagrangian functional for quantum jumps defined in terms of the quantum potential is introduced. We give a formula that characterizes the quantum jumps in terms of an extension of the argument principle in complex analysis. We show that the wave propagation in terms of the metric geometry under a change of gauge has a natural expression as a wave propagation in terms of the laplacians associated to a torsion geometry of the Cartan‐Weyl type which has an additional interaction first‐order torsion term. In this geometry there is a differential one‐form trace‐torsion term given by the logarithmic differential of (monochromatic) waves. It is shown that quantum jumps are associated with the Cartan‐Weyl geometry, through a torsion potential given by the logarithmic differential of the composition of an analytic function ‐or alternatively a twice differentiable function‐ with a monochromatic wave function. In particular, if follows that monochromatic wave functions generate torsion. The node sets of monochromatic functions are shown to be the locus for quantum jumps. In the case of the metric being Minkowski or positive‐definite, the generalized laplacians corresponding to this torsion geometry, are generators of Brownian motions in which the torsion describes the drift of the Brownian processes. We show that this torsion potential and its singularities due to the nodes of the monochromatic wave functions, gives rise to an Aharonov‐Bohm effect. We briefly indicate the role of quantum jumps in establishing a global time and space coordinates in semiclassical General Relativity. We indicate some relations between the present approach to the geometry of quantum jumps, and the problem of topographical representation in visual perception, the Klein bottle, quantum physics and holography.
We review the relation between space-time geometries with torsion fields (the so-called Riemann-Cartan-Weyl (RCW) )geometries) and their associated Brownian motions. In this setting, the metric conjugate of the tracetorsion one-form is the drift vectorfield of the Brownian motions. Thus, in the present approach, Brownian motions, in distinction with Nelson�s Stochastic Mechanics, are spacetime structures. We extend this to the state-space of non-relativistic quantum mechanics and discuss the relation between a noncanonical quantum RCW geometry in state-space associated with the gradient of the quantum-mechanical expectation value of a self-adjoint operator given by the generalized laplacian operator defined by a RCW geometry. We discuss the reduction of the wave function in terms of a RCW quantum geometry in state-space. We characterize the Schroedinger equation for both an observed and unobserved quantum systems in terms of the RCW geometries and Brownian motions. Thus, in this work, the Schroedinger field is a torsion generating field, and the U and R processes, in the sense of Penrose, are associated, the former to spacetime geometries and their associated Brownian motions, and the latter to their extension to the state-space of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics given by the projective Hilbert space. In this setting, the Schroedinger equation can be either linear or nonlinear. We discuss the problem of the many times variables and the relation with dissipative processes. We present as an additional example of RCW geometries and their Brownian motions counterpart, the dynamics of viscous fluids obeying the invariant Navier-Stokes equations. We introduce in the present setting an extension of R. Kiehn�s approach to dynamical systems starting from the notion of the topological dimension of one-forms, to apply it to the trace-torsion one-form whose metric conjugate is the Brownian motion�s drift vectorfield and discuss the topological notion of turbulence. We discuss the relation between our setting and the Nottale theory of Scale Relativity, and the work of Castro and Mahecha in this volume in nonlinear quantum mechanics, Weyl geometries and the quantum potential.
Summary: We review the relation between space-time geometries with tor-sion fields (the so-called Riemann-Cartan-Weyl (RCW) geometries) and their associated Brownian motions. In this setting, the metric conjugate of the trace-torsion one-form is the drift vector field of the Brownian motions. Thus, in the present approach space-time fluctuations as Brownian motions are-in dis-tinction with Nelson’s Stochastic Mechanics- space-time structures. Thus, space and time have a fractal structure. We discuss the relations with Nottale’s theory of Scale Relativity, which stems from Nelson’s approach. We characterize the Schroedinger equation in terms of the RCW geometries and Brownian motions. In this work, the Schroedinger field is a torsion generating field. The potential functions on Schroedinger equations can be alternatively linear or nonlinear on the wave function, leading to nonlinear and linear creation-annihilation of par-ticles by diffusion systems. We give a brief presentation of the isotopic lift of Quantum Mechanics known as Hadronic Mechanics due to Santilli. We start by giving the isotopic lift (i.e. a non-unitary transformation not identically re-
A deterministic quantum-gravity framework is proposed that embeds Bohmian mechanics within the spin–torsion geometry of Einstein–Cartan–Kibble–Sciama theory. Starting from the Palatini form of the action for a Dirac field, a Gordon decomposition followed by a Foldy–Wouthuysen expansion shows that the familiar Bohm quantum potential, namely the term proportional to the Laplacian of the wave-function amplitude divided by that amplitude, coincides exactly with the axial-torsion contribution to the Ricci scalar. A covariant, spin-augmented guidance law then follows, and the algebraically determined torsion field, sourced by the global spin density of an entangled state, mediates non-local correlations without superluminal signalling. The same spin–torsion couplings produce an effective dark stress–energy tensor, for which observational tests are outlined across a wide range of scales: neutron-star magnetospheres, black-hole jets, gravitational-wave inspirals and spin-polarized interferometry. This geometric mechanism extends to spinless particles via torsion’s universal back-reaction on the connection, yielding a deterministic reformulation of quantum mechanics without metric quantization. A simple one-dimensional toy model reproduces the Tsirelson bound for Bell-inequality violations, underscoring the empirical and conceptual viability of this geometric route to quantum gravity, which dispenses with the need to quantize the metric.
Background: The unification of General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics represents a fundamental challenge in theoretical physics due to their mutually exclusive conceptual foundations: continuous deterministic geometry versus probabilistic wave functions. While the de Broglie-Bohm pilot-wave theory offers a deterministic, trajectory-based alternative to the standard probabilistic framework, it introduces a non-local, ad-hoc "Quantum Potential" (Q) to account for phenomena such as interference and non-locality. The lack of a geometric origin for Q in standard spacetime remains a significant conceptual barrier to a fully unified theory. Purpose: This paper aims to resolve this interpretational crisis by proposing that the Quantum Potential is not a fundamental or mysterious external force, but rather a derived geometric artifact. We postulate that the physical universe is fundamentally a 4-dimensional Complex Manifold (ℂ4), extending the standard Riemannian spacetime manifold to include imaginary coordinates. Methods: To establish this geometric basis, we treat the quantum wave function not as an abstract probabilistic amplitude, but as a physical, holomorphic map describing a particle's deterministic trajectory through this complex spacetime. Utilizing the Cauchy-Riemann conditions, we demonstrate that the Bohmian amplitude (R) is strictly coupled to the particle's location in the imaginary dimension. We then analyze the dynamics of particles following geodesics within ℂ4. By projecting the complex geodesic equation of motion onto the observable real slice (ℝ4), we separate the real and imaginary components of the complex 4-velocity to observe the energy balance. Conclusions: Our derivation reveals that the Quantum Potential (Q) emerges naturally and is mathematically identical to the kinetic energy component associated with a particle's hidden motion in these imaginary dimensions. This formulation successfully recovers the predictions of the Schrödinger equation while removing the ad-hoc nature of Bohmian mechanics. Furthermore, it interprets quantum non-locality—such as the interference observed in the double-slit experiment—as purely local, deterministic geodesic motion around topological singularities in a curved complex manifold. Ultimately, this framework provides a unified geometric description wherein gravity is the curvature of real coordinates, electromagnetism is the torsion of imaginary coordinates, and quantum mechanics is inertial motion through this complex geometry.
According to Schroedinger's ideas, classical dynamics of point particles should correspond to the " geometrical optics " limit of a linear wave equation, in the same way as ray optics is the limit of wave optics. It is shown that, using notions of modern wave theory, the " geometrical optics " analogy leads to the correspondence between a classical Hamiltonian H and a " quantum " wave equation in a natural and general way. In particular, the correspondence is unambiguous also in the case where H contains mixed terms involving momentum and position. In the line of Schroedinger's ideas, it is also attempted to justify the occurrence, in QM, of eigenvalues problems, not merely for energy, but also for momentum. It is shown that the wave functions of pure momentum states can be defined in a physically more satisfying way than by assuming plane waves. In the case of a spatially uniform force field, such momentum states have a singularity and move undeformed according to Newton's second law. The mentioned unambiguous correspondence allows to uniquely extend the Klein-Gordon relativistic wave equation to the case where a constant gravitational field is present. It is argued that Schroedinger's wave mechanics can be extended to the case with a variable gravitational field only if one accepts that the wave equation is a preferred-frame one. From this viewpoint, generally-covariant extensions of the wave equations of QM seem rather formal. Finally, it is conjectured that there is no need for a quantum gravity.
Abstract The interpretation of the quantum mechanics proposed by de Broglie and Bohm postulates that the time evolution of the position and the momentum of a quantum particle can be described by a trajectory in the phase-space. The evolution equation coincides with the classical one except for the presence of a nonlinear correction to the total energy of the particle denoted by Bohm potential. The particle momentum is associated to the derivative of the phase of the quantum wave function. The phase of a quantum wave function ceases to be globally well defined in the presence of zeros (nodes) and the Bohm potential becomes singular. We develop a geometrical interpretation of the Bohm dynamics based on the Ehresmann theory of the fiber bundles and we express the number of total rotations of the quantum phase around a node in terms of holonomy maps.