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Physical Review A

Generalized coherent states for the Pöschl-Teller potential and a classical limit

M. G. A. Crawford, Edward R. Vrscay

Published Jan 1, 1998• 18 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Coherent states in the harmonic oscillator may be defined in several equivalent ways. One definition describes coherent states as special states satisfying a minimum-uncertainty requirement in position and momentum spaces. This definition is generalized for other potentials according to a method developed by Nieto et al. [Phys. Rev. D 20, 1321 (1979)] and is herein applied to the P\"oschl-Teller potential. A classical limit based on the harmonic-oscillator coherent-state classical limit is then developed and applied to the P\"oschl-Teller minimum-uncertainty states. In this limit, classical behavior may be obtained from these quantum states. Together with a completeness argument for the generalized coherent states, this result provides insight into quantum classical correspondence through the statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.57.106

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M. G. A. Crawford

Coherent states in the harmonic oscillator have long been thought of as a bridge from quantum mechanics to classical mechanics. Many of their important properties (most notably those involving time evolution) are only valid in the harmonic oscillator and are at best approximations elsewhere. This thesis is an investigation into several means of generalizing coherent states for other systems and examines the resultant states for some systems. One system of interest is the harmonic oscillator with centripetal barrier for which coherent states of several disparate definitions coincide. Also studied is this spherical rotator, a system which is particularly amenable to defining annihilation operator coherent states. A third system under investigation is the hydrogen atom. This system serves as an arena for the development of an extension to a generalization due to Klauder [J. Phys. A. 29(12):L293-L298. 1996]. Klauder's construction is only applicable to systems without energy degeneracies and must be extended for application where degeneracies are present. The author provides a means for this extension and applies the complete construction to the hydrogen atom problem. As a demonstration of how this construction may be adapted, the author constructs Rydberg wave packets which are initially localized and exhibit full and fractional revivals in the long time evolution.

•Jan 1, 2000•0 citations
Coherent states in the harmonic oscillator may be defined in several equivalent ways. One definition describes coherent states as special states satisfying a minimum-uncertainty requirement in position and momentum spaces. This definition is generalized for other potentials according to a method developed by Nieto et al. [Phys. Rev. D 20, 1321 (1979)] and is herein applied to the P"oschl-Teller potential. A classical limit based on the harmonic-oscillator coherent-state classical limit is then developed and applied to the P"oschl-Teller minimum-uncertainty states. In this limit, classical behavior may be obtained from these quantum states. Together with a completeness argument for the generalized coherent states, this result provides insight into quantum classical correspondence through the statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics.
We apply our minimum-uncertainty coherent-states formalism, which is physically motivated by the classical motion, to two confining one-dimensional systems: the harmonic oscillator with centripetal barrier and the symmetric P\"oschl-Teller potentials. The minimum-uncertainty coherent states are discussed in great detail, and the connections to annihilation-operator coherent states and displacement-operator coherent states are given. The first system discussed provides an excellent bridge between the harmonic oscillator and more general potentials because, even though it is a nonharmonic potential, its energy eigenvalues are equally spaced. Thus, its coherent states have many, but not all, of the properties of the harmonic-oscillator coherent states.
We present a construction of semi-classical states for Pöschl-Teller potentials based on a supersymmetric quantum mechanics approach. The parameters of these "coherent" states are points in the classical phase space of these systems. They minimize a special uncertainty relation. Like standard coherent states they resolve the identity with a uniform measure. They permit to establish the correspondence (quantization) between classical and quantum quantities. Finally, their time evolution is localized on the classical phase space trajectory.
We first review the properties of the harmonic-oscillator coherent states which can be equivalently defined as (a) a specific subset of the $x\ensuremath{-}p$ minimum-uncertainty states, (b) eigenstates of the annihilation operator, or (c) states created by a certain unitary exponential displacement operator. Then we present a new method for finding coherent states for particles in general potentials. Its basis is the desire to find those states which most nearly follow the classical motion, but it is most nearly a generalization of the minimum-uncertainty method. The properties of these states are discussed in detail. Next we show that the annihilation operator and displacement operator methods, as heretofore defined, cannot be applied to general potentials (whose eigenvalues are not equally spaced). We define a generalization of these methods but show that the states so defined are not, in general, equivalent to the minimum-uncertainty coherent states. We discuss a number of properties of our coherent states and the procedures we have used.
In a recent short note (Bergeron et al 2010 Europhys. Lett. 92 60003), we have presented the good properties of a new family of semi-classical states for Pöschl–Teller potentials. These states are built from a supersymmetric quantum mechanics (SUSYQM) approach and the parameters of these 'coherent' states are points in the classical phase space. In this paper, we develop all the mathematical aspects that have been left out of the previous paper (proof of the resolution of unity, detailed calculations of the quantized version of classical observables and mathematical study of the resulting operators: problems of domains, self-adjointness or self-adjoint extensions). Some additional questions such as asymptotic behavior are also studied. Moreover, the framework is extended to a larger class of Pöschl–Teller potentials. This article is part of a special issue of Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical devoted to 'Coherent states: mathematical and physical aspects'.
A general algebraic procedure for constructing coherent states of a wide class of exactly solvable potentials, e.g., Morse and P\"oschl-Teller, is given. The method, a priori, is potential independent and connects with earlier developed ones, including the oscillator-based approaches for coherent states and their generalizations. This approach can be straightforwardly extended to construct more general coherent states for the quantum-mechanical potential problems, such as the nonlinear coherent states for the oscillators. The time evolution properties of some of these coherent states show revival and fractional revival, as manifested in the autocorrelation functions, as well as, in the quantum carpet structures.
Coherent states in the harmonic oscillator have long been thought of as a bridge from quantum mechanics to classical mechanics. Many of their important properties (most notably those involving time evolution) are only valid in the harmonic oscillator and are at best approximations elsewhere. This thesis is an investigation into several means of generalizing coherent states for other systems and examines the resultant states for some systems. One system of interest is the harmonic oscillator with centripetal barrier for which coherent states of several disparate definitions coincide. Also studied is this spherical rotator, a system which is particularly amenable to defining annihilation operator coherent states. A third system under investigation is the hydrogen atom. This system serves as an arena for the development of an extension to a generalization due to Klauder [J. Phys. A. 29(12):L293-L298. 1996]. Klauder's construction is only applicable to systems without energy degeneracies and must be extended for application where degeneracies are present. The author provides a means for this extension and applies the complete construction to the hydrogen atom problem. As a demonstration of how this construction may be adapted, the author constructs Rydberg wave packets which are initially localized and exhibit full and fractional revivals in the long time evolution.