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Applied Physics Letters

High power generation with distributed Josephson-junction arrays

P.A.A. Booi, S. P. Benz

Published Jun 24, 1996• 60 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have experimentally coupled emission from a distributed series array of 1968 wide Josephson junctions to an on-chip 10.8 Ω load and detected 0.16 mW at 240 GHz. This result is achieved by reducing the parasitic inductance associated with shunt resistors so that junctions with critical currents of 23 mA are effectively shunted at the operating frequency. This power is less than the 1.3 mW expected from theory due to the presence of a large impedance mismatch. Optimization of the load design will allow the detection of mW power.

DOI
10.1063/1.116621

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•Jan 1, 1993•0 citations
We have experimentally coupled emission from a distributed series array of 1968 wide Josephson junctions to an on-chip 10.8 Ω load and detected 0.16 mW at 240 GHz. This result is achieved by reducing the parasitic inductance associated with shunt resistors so that junctions with critical currents of 23 mA are effectively shunted at the operating frequency. This power is less than the 1.3 mW expected from theory due to the presence of a large impedance mismatch. Optimization of the load design will allow the detection of mW power.
A submillimeter wave source based on a new design using Josephson junction arrays has been developed and tested. The maximum rf power, delivered to a 68Ω load and detected on chip, was 47 μW at 394 GHz. Significant power was detected at a number of frequencies from 300 to 500 GHz where the power was 10 μW. The observed power at the designed operating frequency near 400 GHz is consistent with all 500 junctions in the series biased array delivering current in phase to the loads. This is in agreement with simulations of smaller arrays of the same design. The linewidth, inferred from the measured resistance at the point of maximum power, with T=4.2 K, is less than 1 MHz. The minimum inferred linewidth near 400 GHz, at somewhat lower power, is about 100 kHz.
A submillimeter-wave oscillator using a phase-locked array of Josephson junctions is demonstrated. With an array of 40 shunted tunnel junctions, the oscillator delivers 1 mu W of power at 350 GHz into a 60- Omega load on the chip. The operating frequency of the oscillator is tunable over a range of about 10%. Experiments on two coupled lead alloy tunnel junctions show that Josephson oscillations exist to about 1 THz. Using a similar design and a higher gap superconductor such as NbN for the transmission lines, arrays operating at 1 THz with power outputs of 1 mW should be feasible.>
We present a basic description of Josephson junctions and discuss their use as GHz and THz oscillators. The resistively shunted junction model is used to calculate the available power, linewidth and operating frequency of the oscillators. We discuss how phase-locked arrays of junctions are used to achieve higher power and narrower linewidth. Two experimental examples of phase-locked emission are shown: one from on-chip detection circuits at 150 GHz and one detected off-chip showing a 13 kHz linewidth at 88.8 GHz.>
Two-dimensional arrays of Josephson junctions have been shown to operate in a state in which the microwave oscillations of the junctions are phase-coherent. However, the performance of an array is strongly dependent on both the details of the load-coupling circuit and the characteristic parameters of the junctions. We have measured two-dimensional arrays of resistively shunted Josephson tunnel junctions which are capacitively coupled to a nearby detector junction. Changing the critical current of the junctions in our arrays, while keeping the junction parasitics and array coupling roughly the same, results in an unexpected change in device operation. We have also investigated variations of the coupling circuit. Numerical simulations of the detection circuit enable us to estimate the power output from the array and to optimize the parameters of the system.
We fabricated a Josephson junction array with an additional inductive coupling line to detect the high frequency and power of Josephson self-radiation. The YBa2Cu3O y Josephson junctions are fabricated by a pulsed laser deposition method on bicrystal MgO substrates. We measured the submillimeter wave and the Josephson self-radiation power in an external waveguide system. The Josephson junction arrays showed the resistively shunted junction (RSJ)-like current–voltage characteristics and good frequency-locking of Josephson self-radiation. As the number of Josephson junctions increased, the maximum detected power was increased. We observed the maximum frequency of above 6 THz for Josephson self-radiation in the array with 11 Josephson junctions from the Shapiro steps under 22 GHz irradiation.