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Physical Review A

Observation of quadrature squeezing in a cavity-atom system

D. M. Hope, Hans‐A. Bachor, P. J. Manson, David E. McClelland, Peter Fisk

Published Aug 1, 1992• 25 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report observation of up to 18% (50% inferred) squeezing in a near-bistable cavity-atom system. The squeezing is found in a new regime which produces a squeezed beam of significant (0.17 mW) power. This allows the shape and orientation of the squeezing ellipse to be experimentally determined. These results, in conjunction with other work, demonstrate that the type of squeezing produced by the cavity-atom system can be altered by changing experimentally accessible parameters, a versatility not found in other systems.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.46.r1181

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We report observation of up to 18% (50% inferred) squeezing in a near-bistable cavity-atom system. The squeezing is found in a new regime which produces a squeezed beam of significant (0.17 mW) power. This allows the shape and orientation of the squeezing ellipse to be experimentally determined. These results, in conjunction with other work, demonstrate that the type of squeezing produced by the cavity-atom system can be altered by changing experimentally accessible parameters, a versatility not found in other systems.
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Optical bistability is reexamined as a candidate system for the generation of squeezed states of light. Previous analyses have concluded that significant squeezing can be achieved only in a rather extreme range of parameter space relative to current experimental capabilities and only over a restricted range of frequencies near the carrier.1 By contrast we have identified a new regime in which appreciable squeezing should be obtainable for rather modest operating conditions and without excessive demands on the stability of external control parameters. Following the treatment by Carmichael,2 we have conducted a theoretical search for optimal squeezing in optical bistability in the general case without adiabatic elimination of atomic or cavity variables. Our analysis is based on a linearization of the generalized Fokker-Planck equation for a system of N atoms coupled to a single mode of a high finesse cavity. For comparable atomic and cavity decay rates, there is a mode splitting in the eigenvalue structure of the system which is responsible for the vacuum field Rabi splitting. It is near the spectral features associated with these vacuum field Rabi sidebands that we find significant squeezing. The concepts of optimum squeezing as indicated by Mandel's Q parameter and by the spectrum of squeezing are discussed with reference to the various operating regimes in optical bistability.
One of the canonical questions in quantum optics is the nature of the radiative properties of an atom when the normal vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic reservoir are replaced by the asymmetric, reduced fluctuations of a squeezed vacuum. While the basic radiative linewidth-narrowing effect has been known for over a decade [C. W. Gardiner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 1917 (1986)], experimental realizations with operationally definable definitive manifestations of the quantum nature of the squeezed reservoir have been largely lacking from subsequent investigations. This paper presents measurements on an experimentally realized atom--squeezed-light system, in which the squeezed-light output of a subthreshold optical parametric oscillator illuminates an atom strongly coupled to a high-finesse optical resonator. Transmission of a weak probe field incident on the atom-cavity system is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Alteration of the transmitted probe spectrum has been observed, as has a transmission modulation that depends on the phase of the squeezed field relative to a saturating coherent field (displaced squeezing). In certain parameter regimes, properties unique to the quantum nature of the squeezed light have been identified in the theoretical treatment, but complications in the experiment prevent their unequivocal measure. It is found that the observed effects of the squeezed light are dramatically reduced relative to the predictions of an idealized theory. This is quantitatively attributed to the effects of atomic beam fluctuations and a simple modeling of the atomic beam as an additional loss mechanism in the theory leads to reasonable agreement with the data.
We describe a scheme for creating quadrature- and intensity-squeezed atom lasers that do not require squeezed light as an input. The beam becomes squeezed due to nonlinear interactions between the atoms in the beam in an analogue to optical Kerr squeezing. We develop an analytic model of the process which we compare to a detailed stochastic simulation of the system using phase space methods. Finally we show that significant squeezing can be obtained in an experimentally realistic system and suggest ways of increasing the tunability of the squeezing.