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Journal of Physics Condensed Matter

Quantum dynamics of two-spin-qubit systems

Văn Hiếu Nguyễn

Published Jun 12, 2009• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The aim of this topical review is a systematic and concise presentation of the results of a series of theoretical works on the quantum dynamics of two-spin-qubit systems towards the elaboration of a physical mechanism of the quantum information transfer between two spin-qubits. For this purpose the main attention is paid to exactly solvable models of two-spin-qubit systems, since the analytical expressions of the elements of their reduced density matrices explicitly exhibit the mutual dependence of the quantum information encoded into the spin-qubits. The treatment of their decoherence due to the interaction with the environment is performed in the Markovian approximation. Rate equations for axially symmetric systems of two coupled spin-qubits non-interacting, as well as interacting, with the environment are exactly solved. It is shown how the solutions of rate equations demonstrate the physical mechanism of the quantum information exchange between the spin-qubits. This mechanism holds also in all two-spin-qubit systems whose rate equations can be solved only by means of numerical calculations. Exact solutions of rate equations for two uncoupled spin-qubits interacting with two separate environments reveal an interesting physical phenomenon in the time evolution of the qubit-qubit entanglement generated by their interaction with the environments: the entanglement sudden death and revival. A two-spin-qubit system with an asymptotically decoherence free subspace was also explicitly constructed. The presented calculations and reasonings can be extended for application to the study of spin-qubit chains or networks.

DOI
10.1088/0953-8984/21/27/273201

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The aim of this topical review is a systematic and concise presentation of the results of a series of theoretical works on the quantum dynamics of two-spin-qubit systems towards the elaboration of a physical mechanism of the quantum information transfer between two spin-qubits. For this purpose the main attention is paid to exactly solvable models of two-spin-qubit systems, since the analytical expressions of the elements of their reduced density matrices explicitly exhibit the mutual dependence of the quantum information encoded into the spin-qubits. The treatment of their decoherence due to the interaction with the environment is performed in the Markovian approximation. Rate equations for axially symmetric systems of two coupled spin-qubits non-interacting, as well as interacting, with the environment are exactly solved. It is shown how the solutions of rate equations demonstrate the physical mechanism of the quantum information exchange between the spin-qubits. This mechanism holds also in all two-spin-qubit systems whose rate equations can be solved only by means of numerical calculations. Exact solutions of rate equations for two uncoupled spin-qubits interacting with two separate environments reveal an interesting physical phenomenon in the time evolution of the qubit-qubit entanglement generated by their interaction with the environments: the entanglement sudden death and revival. A two-spin-qubit system with an asymptotically decoherence free subspace was also explicitly constructed. The presented calculations and reasonings can be extended for application to the study of spin-qubit chains or networks.
The quantum dynamics of a system of two interacting spin-qubits is studied for elaborating the physical mechanism of the quantum information transfer between them. A simple model with their Heisenberg XY exchange interaction is investigated. The rate equations are established. The analytical expressions of their solution are exactly derived. They explicitly demonstrate, how the quantum information encoded into a spin-qubit at the initial time t = 0 is transfered to other one at any time t > 0.
A physical model of the quantum information exchange between two qubits is studied theoretically. The qubits are two identical two-level atoms, the physical mechanism of the quantum information exchange is the mutual dependence of the reduced density matrices of two qubits generated by their couplings with a multimode radiation field. The Lehmberg-Agarwal master equation is exactly solved. The explicit form of the mutual dependence of two reduced density matrices is established. The application to study the entanglement of two qubits is discussed.
During the last decade the field of quantum information has seen considerable progress both theoretically and experimentally. The building block of this theory is the so-called qubit, the quantum counterpart of the classical bit. It turns out that spin degrees of freedom of quantum particles are among the most promising candidates for quantum information processing and computation. Thus, a deep understanding of the different processes that govern the dynamics of these objects is of fundamental importance. For instance, the decoherence process, caused the coupling of the qubits to their surrounding environment, is the main obstacle to quantum information processing: it leads them to lose their quantum coherence and thus behave classically. In addition, quantum systems exhibit correlations that have no classical counterpart. This phenomenon is called entanglement and is the vital resource for quantum teleportation and quantum computing. Decoherence and entanglement dynamics were extensively studied within the framework of the Markovian approximation using the master equation approach. However, due to the non-commuting character of quantum observables, only few models are known to be exactly solvable. Moreover, many spin systems display a strongly non-Markovian behavior. This thesis is devoted to the development of new techniques for deriving the exact dynamics of spin qubits, coupled through Heisenberg and/or Ising interactions to spin environments that have internal dynamics. The basic idea behind these techniques is to use the underlying symmetries exhibited by the Hamitonian operators of the composite systems. This allows for the study of problems related to decoherence and entanglement.
Abstract The quantum dynamics of a system of three interacting identical spin-qubits with the XY Heisenberg exchange interaction between two nearest-neighbour spin-qubits is studied in the Markovian approximation with respect to the interaction between this system and the environment. A Lindblad formula with two physical mechanisms of the decoherence is used. Two different cases are considered simultaneously: three spin-qubits interact with three district baths of excitations or with one and the same common bath of excitations. The systems of rate equations are solved in the first-order approximation with respect to the small constants of decoherence.
We demonstrate an exact mapping of a class of models of two interacting qubits in thermal reservoirs to two separate problems of spin–boson-type systems. Based on this mapping, exact numerical simulations of the qubits dynamics can be performed, beyond the weak system–bath coupling limit and the Markovian approximation. Given the time evolution of the system population and coherences, we study as an application the dynamics of entanglement between the pair of qubits immersed in boson thermal baths, showing a rich phenomenology, including an intermediate oscillatory behavior, the entanglement sudden birth, sudden death and revival. We find that the occurrence of entanglement sudden death in this model depends on the portion of the zero and double excitation states in the subsystem initial state. In the long-time limit, analytic expressions are presented at weak system–bath coupling, for a range of relevant qubit parameters.
We study the dynamical behavior of two initially entangled qubits, each locally coupled to an environment embodied by an interacting spin chain. We consider energy-exchange qubit–environment couplings resulting in rich and highly non-trivial entanglement dynamics. We obtain exact results for the time evolution of the concurrence between the two qubits and find that, by tuning the interaction parameters, one can freeze the dynamics of entanglement, therefore inhibiting their relaxation into the spin environments, as well as activate a sudden-death phenomenon. We also discuss the effects of an environmental quantum phase transition on the features of the two-qubit entanglement dynamics.