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Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields

Structure and solution of the massive Thirring model

Hugh Bergknoff, H. B. Thacker

Published Jun 15, 1979• 159 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The Hamiltonian of the massive Thirring model is explicitly diagonalized by formulating a Bethe ansatz for the eigenstates. The physical states are described by many-body wave functions representing the vacuum as a filled Fermi-Dirac sea and particle states as excitations built upon it. The spectrum of states is determined by imposing periodic boundary conditions on the wave functions. The energies are calculated by reducing the periodic boundary conditions to linear integral equations. For fermion-antifermion bound states the Dashen-Hasslacher-Neven spectrum is obtained. It is shown that the solution to the massive Thirring model can be understood as the critical limit of Baxter's solution of the eight-vertex model.

DOI
10.1103/physrevd.19.3666

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Introduction to Part I

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The algebraic Bethe ansatz is one of the main approaches to solving integrable models in statistical mechanics. This thesis is a detailed introduction to aspects of this technique. In chapter 1, following Takhtajan1, we fully explain all preliminaries that are required by this technique in the context of the 8-vertex model, including the solution of the Yang-Baxter equations in terms of Boltzmann weights that are parameterized by elliptic function. In chapter 2, also following Takhtajan, we restrict our attention to the special case of the 6-vertex model, with Boltzmann weights parameterized by hyperbolic trigonometric functions, formulate the model in detail on a finite lattice with periodic boundary conditions, and show how the algebraic Bethe ansatz can be used to characterize the eigenvectors and eigenvalues, in the homogeneous case (all vertical rapidities are equal, and all horizontal rapidities are also equal). In chapter 3, following Bogoliubov et al2, we consider the 6-vertex model in inhomogeneous case (all rapidities are now independenti variables) but with domain wall boundary conditions. Using the algebraic Bethe ansatz, and Izergin’s result for the partition function, we calculate boundary 1-point functions of the six-vertex model on a finite lattice and represent them in determinant form. Takhatajan, L. J. Introduction to Agebraic Bethe Ansatz, Lecture Notes in Physics, Exactly solvable problems in condensed matter and relativistic field theory 2 Boundary correlation functions of the six-vertex model J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 35, 5525-5541 (2002)

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The One-dimensional Bose Gas

V. E. Korepin, N. M. Bogoliubov, Anatoli G. Izergin

Introduction The one-dimensional Bose gas with point-like interaction of the particles (the quantum variant of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation) is one of the main and most important models which can be Solved by means of the Bethe Ansatz. This model has been thoroughly investigated (and. We shall start with the construction of eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonian in a finite volume. Quantities interesting from the physical point of view (in the thermodynamic limit at zero temperature) are considered; the thermodynamics at finite temperatures is investigated in detail as well. A number of essential ideas which will be applied to other models are introduced. The construction of eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonian is explained in section 1. Their explicit form and, in particular, the two-particle reducibility, are common features of the models solvable by means of the Bethe Ansatz method. Periodic boundary conditions are imposed on the wave function in section 2; the Bethe equations for the particle' momenta are introduced and analyzed. Taken in the logarithmic form, these equations realize the extremum condition of a certain functional, the corresponding action being called the Yang-Yang action. The transition to the thermodynamic limit is considered in section 3. In that same section the ground state of the gas is constructed. The density of the particle distribution in momentum space and the energy of the ground state are calculated. The method of the transition to the thermodynamic limit described in this section is rather general and may be applied to any model solvable by means of the Bethe Ansatz. In section 4, excitations above the ground state are constructed and their main characteristics (energy, momentum and scattering matrix) are determined by means of the dressing equations. The ground state of the model is the Dirac sea (also called the Fermi sphere).

Cambridge University Press eBooks•Aug 19, 1993•1 citation
The Hamiltonian of the massive Thirring model is explicitly diagonalized by formulating a Bethe ansatz for the eigenstates. The physical states are described by many-body wave functions representing the vacuum as a filled Fermi-Dirac sea and particle states as excitations built upon it. The spectrum of states is determined by imposing periodic boundary conditions on the wave functions. The energies are calculated by reducing the periodic boundary conditions to linear integral equations. For fermion-antifermion bound states the Dashen-Hasslacher-Neven spectrum is obtained. It is shown that the solution to the massive Thirring model can be understood as the critical limit of Baxter's solution of the eight-vertex model.
We discuss the bound states of the massive Thirring model. Here, the periodic boundary condition equations for the Bethe ansatz solutions are numerically solved. It is found that the massive Thirring model has only one bound state and the bound state spectrum as the function of the coupling constant agrees with that of infinite momentum frame prescription by Fujita and Ogura. Boson boson states (2p$-$2h states) appear only as the continuum spectrum without making any bound states. Further, the finite size correction to the vacuum energy is estimated. The evaluated central charge is found to be close to unity.
We calculate for the first time the finite size corrections in the massive Thirring model. This is done by numerically solving the equations of periodic boundary conditions of the Bethe ansatz solution. It is found that the corresponding central charge extracted from the 1/L1/L1/L term is around 0.4 for the coupling constant of ${g}_{0}=\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\pi}/4$ and decreases down to zero when ${g}_{0}=\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\pi}/3.$ This is quite different from the predicted central charge of the sine-Gordon model as well as the light cone six vertex model.
A method of solution of a number of quantum field theory and statistical mechanics models in two space-time dimensions is presented in this Part. This method was first suggested by H. Bethe in 1931 and is traditionally called the Bethe Ansatz. Later on the method was developed by Hulthen, Yang and Yang, Lieb, Sutherland, Baxter, Gaudin and others (see, and). We begin the presentation with the coordinate Bethe Ansatz not only due to historical reasons but also because of its simplicity and clarity. The multi-particle scattering matrix appears to be equal to the product of two-particle matrices for integrable models. This property of two-particle reducibility is of primary importance when constructing the Bethe wave function. The important feature of integrable models is that there is no mass-shell multiple particle production. This property is closely connected to the existence of an infinite number of conservation laws in such models; this will be clear from Part II. Four main models, namely the one-dimensional Bose gas, the Heisenberg magnet, the massive Thirring model and the Hubbard model, are considered in Part I. Eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonians of these models are constructed. Imposing periodic boundary conditions leads to a system of equations for the permitted values of momenta. These are known as the Bethe equations. This system can also be derived from a certain variational principle, the corresponding action being called the Yang-Yang action.
The algebraic Bethe ansatz is one of the main approaches to solving integrable models in statistical mechanics. This thesis is a detailed introduction to aspects of this technique. In chapter 1, following Takhtajan1, we fully explain all preliminaries that are required by this technique in the context of the 8-vertex model, including the solution of the Yang-Baxter equations in terms of Boltzmann weights that are parameterized by elliptic function. In chapter 2, also following Takhtajan, we restrict our attention to the special case of the 6-vertex model, with Boltzmann weights parameterized by hyperbolic trigonometric functions, formulate the model in detail on a finite lattice with periodic boundary conditions, and show how the algebraic Bethe ansatz can be used to characterize the eigenvectors and eigenvalues, in the homogeneous case (all vertical rapidities are equal, and all horizontal rapidities are also equal). In chapter 3, following Bogoliubov et al2, we consider the 6-vertex model in inhomogeneous case (all rapidities are now independenti variables) but with domain wall boundary conditions. Using the algebraic Bethe ansatz, and Izergin’s result for the partition function, we calculate boundary 1-point functions of the six-vertex model on a finite lattice and represent them in determinant form. Takhatajan, L. J. Introduction to Agebraic Bethe Ansatz, Lecture Notes in Physics, Exactly solvable problems in condensed matter and relativistic field theory 2 Boundary correlation functions of the six-vertex model J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 35, 5525-5541 (2002)
Introduction The one-dimensional Bose gas with point-like interaction of the particles (the quantum variant of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation) is one of the main and most important models which can be Solved by means of the Bethe Ansatz. This model has been thoroughly investigated (and. We shall start with the construction of eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonian in a finite volume. Quantities interesting from the physical point of view (in the thermodynamic limit at zero temperature) are considered; the thermodynamics at finite temperatures is investigated in detail as well. A number of essential ideas which will be applied to other models are introduced. The construction of eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonian is explained in section 1. Their explicit form and, in particular, the two-particle reducibility, are common features of the models solvable by means of the Bethe Ansatz method. Periodic boundary conditions are imposed on the wave function in section 2; the Bethe equations for the particle' momenta are introduced and analyzed. Taken in the logarithmic form, these equations realize the extremum condition of a certain functional, the corresponding action being called the Yang-Yang action. The transition to the thermodynamic limit is considered in section 3. In that same section the ground state of the gas is constructed. The density of the particle distribution in momentum space and the energy of the ground state are calculated. The method of the transition to the thermodynamic limit described in this section is rather general and may be applied to any model solvable by means of the Bethe Ansatz. In section 4, excitations above the ground state are constructed and their main characteristics (energy, momentum and scattering matrix) are determined by means of the dressing equations. The ground state of the model is the Dirac sea (also called the Fermi sphere).