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IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics Communications and Computer Sciences

On the Strong Forward Secrecy of the Improved Chikazawa-Yamagishi ID-Based Key Sharing

Ik Rae Jeong, J. KWON, Doheon Lee

Published Nov 1, 2007• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this letter, we show that Jung's ID-based scheme, which is the improved version of the Chikazawa-Yamagishi scheme, satisfies only the weak forward secrecy. But the weak forward secrecy is not quite realistic, since it is not sufficient for modeling the real attacks. To address this problem, the strong forward secrecy has been pursued, which is modeling the more realistic attacks. We then suggest a modification of Jung's ID-based scheme to provide the strong forward secrecy.

DOI
10.1093/ietfec/e90-a.11.2626

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In this letter, we show that Jung's ID-based scheme, which is the improved version of the Chikazawa-Yamagishi scheme, satisfies only the weak forward secrecy. But the weak forward secrecy is not quite realistic, since it is not sufficient for modeling the real attacks. To address this problem, the strong forward secrecy has been pursued, which is modeling the more realistic attacks. We then suggest a modification of Jung's ID-based scheme to provide the strong forward secrecy.
The Chikazawa-Yamagishi scheme is an ID-based key distribution scheme which is based on the RSA cryptosystem. There are several variant schemes to improve the efficiency and the security of the Chikazawa-Yamagishi scheme. Unfortunately, all of the proposed schemes have some weaknesses. First, all the proposed schemes require time synchronization of the communicating parties. Second, none of the proposed schemes provide both forward secrecy and security against session state reveal attacks. In this paper, we suggest an ID-based key distribution scheme which does not require time synchronization and provides both forward secrecy and security against session state reveal attacks.
The security of a recently proposed ID-based authenticated key agreement protocol was analyzed. Although it is provably secure in the standard model, a malicious PKG （private key generator） can still obtain all of the agreed ses-sion keys, that is, it doesn’t provide PKG-forward secrecy in escrowless mode. To satisfy the security requirement in es-crowless mode, an improved version of the protocol was presented and it was proved to be a secure authenticated key agreement in the standard model. Results show that it provides perfect forward secrecy and PKG-forward secrecy.
In 2000, Xu and Tilborg proposed an ID-based conference key distribution scheme which builds on earlier work of Harn and Yang in the 2-party setting. Recently, Jung et al. have discovered security flaws in the Xu-Tilborg scheme and proposed an improvement of this scheme to fix the security flaws. However, Jung et al.'s improvement introduces another security weakness. We demonstrate this by showing that the improved scheme is vulnerable to a parallel session attack mounted by two colluding adversaries. Further, we recommend changes to the scheme that address this vulnerability.
In 2004, Hwang et al. proposed a group key exchange protocol for sharing a secure key in a group. Their protocol is an extension from the two party key exchange protocol to the group one. Recently, Jung-San Lee et al. noted that Hwang et al. group key exchange protocol has two security weaknesses. First, the forward secrecy is not confirmed in case that a new member joins the group and second, if a group member leaves the group, the backward secrecy is compromised. They proposed an improvement over this key exchange protocol in order to provide both forward and backward secrecy among group members. In this paper, we propose another improvement over Lee et al. key exchange, and we show that our key exchange protocol not only preservers both forward and backward secrecy, but also it is more efficient than their protocol when a member leaves the group. Finally, we give a formal analysis for the correctness of the proposed protocol via Scyther model checking tool.
The security attributes of three provable secure ID-based authenticated key agreement protocols are analyzed,and an enhanced ID-based authenticated key agreement protocol is presented based on the previous work.The new scheme achieves most of the known security attributes,such as known-key secrecy,key-compromise impersonation resilience,unknown key-share resilience,no-key control and message independence,especially the PKG-forward secrecy and known session-specific temporary information secrecy attributes,meanwhile keeping with the nice efficiency.