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Physical Review E

Adiabatic passage of light in coupled optical waveguides

Stefano Longhi

Published Feb 13, 2006• 101 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Adiabatic passage of light in coupled optical waveguides with a curved axis is theoretically investigated and shown to bear a close connection with coherent population transfer among quantum states of atoms and molecules. In particular, the optical analog of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage can be realized in a three-waveguide optical directional coupler.

DOI
10.1103/physreve.73.026607

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Adiabatic passage of light in coupled optical waveguides with a curved axis is theoretically investigated and shown to bear a close connection with coherent population transfer among quantum states of atoms and molecules. In particular, the optical analog of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage can be realized in a three-waveguide optical directional coupler.
Classical wave optical analogs of coherent population transfer via a continuum, recently demonstrated for laser-driven atoms and molecules in the atomic physics context, are theoretically proposed for light waves propagating in waveguide-based photonic structures. In particular, it is shown that exploitation of the optical analogs of two-photon Rabi oscillations and stimulated Raman adiabatic passage via continuous states enables efficient transfer of light waves between two channel optical waveguides side coupled to a slab waveguide.
We propose a novel transport scheme for light waves in a triple-well optical system which mimics the technique of Raman chirped adiabatic passage (RCAP) for population transfer in three-level atomic or molecular systems driven by linearly chirped laser pulses. The optical analogue of atomic RCAP is realized using three tunnelling-coupled and cubically bent optical waveguides, and enables an almost complete light transfer between the outer waveguides with negligible excitation of the middle waveguide.
Adiabatic evolution of light in parallel curved optical waveguide array is investigated theoretically. This problem is shown to bear a close connection with the process of coherent population transfer in a ``bow-tie'' model in quantum physics. Under certain conditions on the geometry of the waveguides and the optical properties of the system complete light transfer between the outer waveguides is achieved. Special attention is paid to the case of three waveguides, which is analyzed using the solutions of the well-known bow-tie model. The analytic solution is used to design recipes for creating arbitrary superpositions of light intensity between the waveguides, with possible applications in achromatic optical multiple-beam splitters. For more than three waveguides complete light transfer between the outer waveguides and beam splitting is demonstrated numerically.
We propose and demonstrate a novel type of optical integrated structure consisting of three adiabatically coupled waveguides arranged in an N-shaped geometry. Unlike conventional adiabatic three-waveguide couplers mimicking the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage process which utilize solely the counter-intuitive coupling and, thus, operate only in one direction, our structure achieves complete bidirectional light transfer between two waveguides through the counter-intuitive and intuitive coupling in either direction over a wide wavelength range. Moreover, the light transfer through the intuitive coupling is more efficient and robust than through the counter-intuitive coupling.
We propose a nonadiabatic tunneling technique, which is different from the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage, to improve the optical tunneling efficiency of a three-waveguide system. The theoretical calculations and results show that the tunneling efficiency can reach 100%. The exact analytic solutions to the nonadiabatic tunneling dynamics are presented. Light dynamics in the optical coupler enable a direct visualization of the population transfer of atomic system under generalized π pulses technique.