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Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Specific Heat of the Two-Dimensional ± J Ising Model

Makoto Inoue

Published Oct 15, 1995• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The two-dimensional ± J random Ising model is studied numerically up to a system size 700×701 by using the Pfaffian method which gives exact free energy and correlation functions. The behavior of the specific heat at the paramagnetic-ferromagnetic phase boundary is analysed by using logarithmic type, double-logarithmic type and cusp type of regression equations. It is found that the logarithmic divergence is the most natural behavior. The critical temperature is determined accurately.

DOI
10.1143/jpsj.64.3699

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The two-dimensional ± J random Ising model is studied numerically up to a system size 700×701 by using the Pfaffian method which gives exact free energy and correlation functions. The behavior of the specific heat at the paramagnetic-ferromagnetic phase boundary is analysed by using logarithmic type, double-logarithmic type and cusp type of regression equations. It is found that the logarithmic divergence is the most natural behavior. The critical temperature is determined accurately.
The critical two-dimensional Ising model is studied with four types boundary conditions: free, fixed ferromagnetic, fixed antiferromagnetic, and fixed double antiferromagnetic. Using bond propagation algorithms with surface fields, we obtain the free energy, internal energy, and specific heat numerically on square lattices with a square shape and various combinations of the four types of boundary conditions. The calculations are carried out on the square lattices with size N×N and 30<N<1000. The numerical data are analyzed with finite-size scaling. The bulk, edge, and corner terms are extracted very accurately. The exact results are conjectured for the corner logarithmic term in the free energy, the edge logarithmic term in the internal energy, and the corner logarithmic term in the specific heat. The corner logarithmic terms in the free energy agree with the conformal field theory very well.
The critical 2-dimensional Ising model is studied with four types boundary conditions: free, fixed ferromagnetic, fixed antiferromagnetic, fixed double antiferromagnetic. Using Bond Propagation algorithms with surface fields, we obtained the free energy, internal energy and specific heat numerically on square lattices with square shape and various combinations of the four types boundary conditions. The numerical data are analyzed with finite size scaling. The bulk, edge and corner terms are extracted very accurately. The exact results are conjectured for the corner logarithmic term in the free energy, the edge and corner logarithmic terms in the internal energy and specific heat. The corner logarithmic terms in the free energy agree with the conformal field theory very well.
The specific heat of the two-dimensional ±J Ising model has been investigated by the numerical transfer matrix method and Monte Carlo simulations from a new point of view. The region where a part of the specific heat takes a negative value has been investigated, which is characteristic of frustrated systems and reflects the non-trivial degeneracy of the ground state. The region mentioned above is found to be fairly large in the p – T plane ( p is the concentration of the ferromagnetic bond and T is the temperature). Moreover, it includes the Nishimori line. Namely, it includes a part of the paramagnetic–ferromagnetic phase boundary, on which the specific heat cannot diverge. The present result indicates that the specific heat does not diverge at least on a part of the paramagnetic–ferromagnetic phase boundary above the multicritical point, which is in conflict with previous results.
The specific heat of the two-dimensional ±J\pm J±J Ising model has been investigated by the numerical transfer matrix method and Monte Carlo simulations from a new point of view. The region where a part of the specific heat takes the negative value has been investigated, which is characteristic of frustrated systems and reflects the non-trivial degeneracy of the ground state. The region mentioned above is found to be fairly large in the p−Tp-Tp−T plane (ppp is the concentration of the ferromagnetic bond and TTT is the temperature). Moreover, it includes the Nishimori line. Namely, it includes a part of the paramagnetic-ferromagnetic phase boundary, on which the specific heat cannot diverge. The present result indicates that the specific heat does not diverge at least on a part of the paramagnetic-ferromagnetic phase boundary above the multicritical point, which is in conflict with previous results.
We use transfer-matrix methods to calculate free energies and specific heats on long, finite-width strips of Ising spins with randomly distributed ferromagnetic couplings. By implementation of our code on a highly parallel computer, we have managed to generate high-quality data for strip widths up to L = 18 sites. An unequivocal trend towards a divergency of the specific heat in the thermodynamic limit can be discerned. Finite-size data appear to behave halfway between a single- ( ln L) and double- ( ln ln L) logarithmic dependence on strip width. This is in line with a crossover within the Dotsenko-Shalaev picture of logarithmic corrections to pure-system singularities.
The two-dimensional random bond Ising model with two distinct ferromagnetic nearest-neighbour couplings, J and J ', distributed randomly over the lattice with concentration 1/2 is studied for various ratios J '/ J at criticality. The critical temperature is exactly known from self-duality. The size-dependent specific heat shows a crossover from the perfect Ising to the randomness-dominated critical behaviour of doubly logarithmic form. In the latter region, our estimates for the critical exponents of the size-dependent magnetization and susceptibility are in very good agreement with analytic results suggesting β/ν = 1/8 and γ/ν = 7/4.