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Japanese Journal of Applied Physics

Effect of Group-Velocity Dispersion on Photon-Number Squeezing of Optical Pulses using Optical Fibers and Spectral Filter

Norihiko Nishizawa, Takeo Horio Takeo Horio, Masakazu Mori, Toshio Goto, Kazuo Yamane

Published Apr 1, 1999• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Photon-number squeezing of optical pulses using optical fibers and band-pass spectral filters is numerically analyzed. The evolution of the quantum noise in the optical pulse propagation is calculated in both the spectral and time domains. The mechanism of filtering squeezing and the role of the group-velocity dispersion are investigated. It is shown that the squeezing is realized owing to the interaction between the self-phase modulation and the group-velocity dispersion.

DOI
10.1143/jjap.38.1961

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Photon-number squeezing of optical pulses using optical fibers and band-pass spectral filters is numerically analyzed. The evolution of the quantum noise in the optical pulse propagation is calculated in both the spectral and time domains. The mechanism of filtering squeezing and the role of the group-velocity dispersion are investigated. It is shown that the squeezing is realized owing to the interaction between the self-phase modulation and the group-velocity dispersion.
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Photon number squeezing of spectrally filtered optical solitons has been observed in the sub-picosecond regime, where the Raman effect changes the internal quantum structure of each pulse. 160 fs pulses were propagated down a 10 m optical fibre of anomalous group velocity dispersion. At energies below the soliton energy subsequent spectral filtering with an optical band-pass squeezed the directly detected photocurrent fluctuations to 3.2 ± 0.1 dB (52%) below the shot-noise limit. This implies 4.5 dB (65%) of soliton photon number squeezing, if detection losses are taken into account. Using a spectral edge filter the spectral components of the pulses are shown to contribute asymmetrically to the squeezing due to stimulated Raman scattering.
Summary form only given. Recent experiments have demonstrated more than 50% of photon number squeezing of optical pulses by spectral filtering method in nonlinear optical fibers. For such squeezing quantum correlations between the spectral components of the pulses play a crucial role. The intermode correlations in the squeezed pulses are mainly induced by the second-order dispersion and the third-order nonlinearity (the self-phase modulation (SPM) effect) of fibers. We numerically study the dependence of the initial pulse waveform on spectral filtering squeezing and the optimization of pulses to obtain the further squeezing. Calculations are performed by solving the quantum nonlinear Schrodinger equation (QNLSE) in the positive P representation.
The nonlinear optical Kerr effect, acting on optical pulses in fibres, creates spectral sidebands and noise correlations between these sidebands. The reduction of photon-number fluctuations of these pulses below the shot-noise limit by spectral filtering is well established in the anomalous dispersion regime which allows for soliton formation. Here it is demonstrated that a significant quantum-noise reduction with spectral filtering can also be reached for pulses in the normal dispersion regime. The filter function was optimized and the power dependence of the noise reduction was investigated. The best squeezing result is (1.2 ± 0.2) dB (corresponding to (2.6 ± 0.7) dB inferred for 100% detection efficiency).
Experimental demonstration of more than 50% photon-number squeezing obtained using microstructure fibers (MFs) , of which zero-dispersion wavelength locates at 820 nm, in a spectral filtering scheme with 40-fs laser pulses at /spl lambda/ = 810 nm is reported. The highest photon-number squeezing of -4.6 dB is obtained when a soliton-like Stokes Raman pulse, which broke up from the main pulse, exhibiting a self-frequency shift toward the longer wavelength, is preserved by low-pass spectral filtering from the white-light spectrum generated from the 30-cm MF.
To the best of our knowledge, we demonstrate for the first time the generation of photon number squeezing by spectral filtering for ultrabroadband light generated by microstructure fibers at 800 nm. A maximum squeezing of 4.6 dB is observed, corresponding to 10.3 dB after correcting for detection losses. We numerically analyzed the quantum dynamics of ultrashort laser pulse propagation through optical fibers by solving a nonlinear quantum Schrödinger equation that included Raman scattering, especially for the quantum correlation of photon number fluctuation among frequency modes in broadband pulses.