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Journal of Statistical Physics

Accuracy of semiclassical dynamics in the presence of chaos

Patrick W. O’Connor, Steven Tomsovic, Eric J. Heller

Published Jul 1, 1992• 27 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/bf01048839

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We find that characteristics of quantum tunnelling in the presence of chaos can be regarded as a manifestation of the Julia set of the complex dynamical system. Several numerical pieces of evidence for the standard map, together with a rigorous statement for the Hénon map, are presented, demonstrating that the complex classical paths which contribute to the semiclassical propagator are dense in the Julia set. Chaotic tunnelling can thus be characterized by the transitivity of the dynamics and high density of the trajectories on the Julia set.
Focusing on semiclassical systems, we show that the parametrically long exponential growth of out-of-time order correlators (OTOCs), also known as scrambling, does not necessitate chaos. Indeed, scrambling can simply result from the presence of unstable fixed points in phase space, even in a classically integrable model. We derive a lower bound on the OTOC Lyapunov exponent, which depends only on local properties of such fixed points. We present several models for which this bound is tight, i.e., for which scrambling is dominated by the local dynamics around the fixed points. We propose that the notion of scrambling be distinguished from that of chaos.