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Physical Review B

Parity effect in a superconducting island in a tunable dissipative environment

Watson Kuo, Cen-Shawn Wu, Jia-Hong Shyu, C. D. Chen

Published Nov 16, 2006• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have experimentally studied Coulomb oscillation in a superconducting single-electron transistor, where electromagnetic-environment impedance was controlled using a one-dimensional array of superconducting quantum interference devices. By decreasing environment impedance, the Coulomb oscillation exhibited a crossover from $2e$ to $1e$ periodicity. In addition, the $1e$ component was enhanced when additional noise was introduced by connecting a potential meter to the central island of the transistor. We propose a theoretical analysis for this parity effect that includes the effect of fluctuations arising from the finite noise temperature of the electromagnetic environment.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.74.184522

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We have experimentally studied Coulomb oscillation in a superconducting single-electron transistor, where electromagnetic-environment impedance was controlled using a one-dimensional array of superconducting quantum interference devices. By decreasing environment impedance, the Coulomb oscillation exhibited a crossover from 2e2e2e to 1e1e1e periodicity. In addition, the 1e1e1e component was enhanced when additional noise was introduced by connecting a potential meter to the central island of the transistor. We propose a theoretical analysis for this parity effect that includes the effect of fluctuations arising from the finite noise temperature of the electromagnetic environment.
We have measured the Cooper pair transistor (CPT) in a tunable electromagnetic environment consisting of four one-dimensional superconducting quantum interference device arrays. The transport properties of the CPT in the high impedance limit, ${Z}_{\mathrm{env}}⪢{R}_{Q}\ensuremath{\simeq}6.45\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{k}\ensuremath{\Omega}$, are studied for different ratios of the Josephson coupling energy to the charging energy. As the impedance of the environment is increased, the current-voltage characteristic (IVC) of the CPT develops a Coulomb blockade of Cooper pair tunneling and the measured IVCs agree qualitatively with a theory based on quasicharge dynamics for a CPT. Increasing the impedance of the environment induces a transition in the modulation of the IVC with the gate charge from eee-periodic to 2e2e2e-periodic.
We experimentally investigated the switching current I sw of a superconducting single electron transistor (sSET), with competitive Josephson coupling energy E J and charging energy E c , in an in situ tunable dissipative environment. At low temperature, averaged I sw shows a clear 1e periodic function of gate induced charge on the island. The relative contrast of this oscillation increases when E J /Ec is lowered. Increasing dissipation reduce the quantum fluctuations of the phase across the sSET, leading to an increased I sw .
Two different types of Cooper pair transistors, with Al and Nb islands, have been investigated in a tunable electromagnetic environment. The device with an Al island demonstrates gate charge modulation with 2e periodicity in a wide range of environmental impedances at bath temperatures below 340 mK. Contrary to the results of the Al sample, the authors were not able to detect 2e periodicity under any conditions on similar samples with Nb island. The authors attribute this to the material properties of Nb.
Two different types of Cooper pair transistors, with Al and Nb islands, have been investigated in a tunable electromagnetic environment. The device with an Al island demonstrates gate charge modulation with 2e periodicity in a wide range of environmental impedances at bath temperatures below 340mK. Contrary to the results of the Al sample, the authors were not able to detect 2e periodicity under any conditions on similar samples with Nb island. The authors attribute this to the material properties of Nb.
We report the current-voltage characteristics of a single-electron circuit, in which the Coulomb island of a single-electron transistor is connected to the source electrode of another transistor. The Josephson-like current of one of the transistors was tuned by adjusting the gate voltage of the other, reflecting the uncertainty relation between the phase difference and the particle number. We found that the “parity effect” or “even-odd asymmetry” was also affected by the gate voltage of the other transistor. A possible explanation for this asymmetry-tuning is presented.
We have developed a novel system consisting of a superconducting single-electron transistor (S-SET) coupled to a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), for which the dissipation can be tuned in the immediate vicinity of the S-SET. Within linear response, the S-SET conductance varies nonmonotonically with increasing 2DEG impedance. We find good agreement between our experimental results and a model incorporating electromagnetic fluctuations in both the S-SET leads and the 2DEG, as well as low-frequency switching of the S-SET offset charge.