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Journal de physique

Analysis of ising model critical exponents from high temperature series expansion

Jean Zinn‐Justin

Published Jan 1, 1979• 86 citations
Publisher

Abstract

High temperature series expansion for the critical exponents of the Ising model are reanalysed using a modified ratio method. The analysis shows that a minor modification of the ratio method yields for all lattices a value, for the exponent γ in three dimensions, close to 1.245, therefore lower than the quoted value 1.250, and much closer to the renormalization group (R.G.) value 1.241. The exponent is analysed in two ways : in one method γ is estimated directly while in the other one Tc, is calculated first. With these new values of Tc, the exponent α is recalculated and found to be very close to the R.G. value 0.110. The value of ν is not modified (0.638) and is therefore still a problem for hyperscaling, and is in disagreement with the R.G. value (0.630).

DOI
10.1051/jphys:019790040010096900

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First, a new method proposed by Baker and Rushbrooke is used to study the simple ferromagnetic Ising model at and below the Curie temperature. Of course, the properties of the Ising model are already well known, so that the main aim here is to assess the potential and reliability of the new method, since it has wide applicability to other models which have not been otherwise studied. Between 8 and 16 coefficients of exact high-temperature expansions for fixed values of the magnetization are derived for various two- and three-dimensional lattices. A Pad\'e-approximant analysis of these expansions at the critical isotherm and magnetic phase boundary enables us to estimate the critical exponents $\ensuremath{\beta}$, ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, and $\ensuremath{\delta}$, and plot the spontaneous magnetization. The results are in good agreement with previous calculations. Secondly, an analysis of the exact series expansions provides no support for the conjecture that the phase boundary is a line of essential singularities. However, the same expansions strongly suggest the existence of a "spinodal" curve, whose properties are in reasonable agreement with the predictions of various heuristic arguments (based essentially upon analyticity at the phase boundary and one-phase homogeneity in the critical region). Finally, structure and a mild extension of the proven analyticity of the free energy are used to show the $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\le}{\ensuremath{\Delta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\le}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$.

Physical review. B, Solid state•Feb 1, 1970•113 citations
High temperature series expansion for the critical exponents of the Ising model are reanalysed using a modified ratio method. The analysis shows that a minor modification of the ratio method yields for all lattices a value, for the exponent γ in three dimensions, close to 1.245, therefore lower than the quoted value 1.250, and much closer to the renormalization group (R.G.) value 1.241. The exponent is analysed in two ways : in one method γ is estimated directly while in the other one Tc, is calculated first. With these new values of Tc, the exponent α is recalculated and found to be very close to the R.G. value 0.110. The value of ν is not modified (0.638) and is therefore still a problem for hyperscaling, and is in disagreement with the R.G. value (0.630).
A careful Monte Carlo investigation of the phase transition very close to the critical point (T -> Tc, H -> 0) in relatively large d = 3, s = 1/2 Ising lattices did produce critical exponents beta = 0.3126(4) =~ 5/16, delta^{-1} = 0.1997(4) =~ 1/5 and gamma_{3D} = 1.253(4) =~ 5/4. Our results indicate that, within experimental error, they are given by simple fractions corresponding to the linear interpolations between the respective two-dimensional (Onsager) and four-dimensional (mean field) critical exponents. An analysis of our inverse susceptibility data chi^{-1}(T) vs. /T - Tc/ shows that these data lead to a value of gamma_{3D} compatible with gamma' = gamma and Tc = 4.51152(12), while gamma values obtained recently by high and low temperature series expansions and renormalization group methods are not.
25th-order high-temperature series are computed for a general nearest-neighbor three-dimensional Ising model with arbitrary potential on the simple cubic lattice. In particular, we consider three improved potentials characterized by suppressed leading scaling corrections. Critical exponents are extracted from high-temperature series specialized to improved potentials, obtaining gamma=1.2373(2), nu=0.63012(16), alpha=0.1096(5), eta=0.036 39(15), beta=0.326 53(10), and delta=4.78 93(8). Moreover, biased analyses of the 25th-order series of the standard Ising model provide the estimate Delta=0.52(3) for the exponent associated with the leading scaling corrections. By the same technique, we study the small-magnetization expansion of the Helmholtz free energy. The results are then applied to the construction of parametric representations of the critical equation of state, using a systematic approach based on a global stationarity condition. Accurate estimates of several universal amplitude ratios are also presented.
The critical behavior of the Ising model on a fractal lattice, which has the Hausdorff dimension log_{4}12≈1.792, is investigated using a modified higher-order tensor renormalization group algorithm supplemented with automatic differentiation to compute relevant derivatives efficiently and accurately. The complete set of critical exponents characteristic of a second-order phase transition was obtained. Correlations near the critical temperature were analyzed through two impurity tensors inserted into the system, which allowed us to obtain the correlation lengths and calculate the critical exponent ν. The critical exponent α was found to be negative, consistent with the observation that the specific heat does not diverge at the critical temperature. The extracted exponents satisfy the known relations given by various scaling assumptions within reasonable accuracy. Perhaps most interestingly, the hyperscaling relation, which contains the spatial dimension, is satisfied very well, assuming the Hausdorff dimension takes the place of the spatial dimension. Moreover, using automatic differentiation, we have extracted four critical exponents (α, β, γ, and δ) globally by differentiating the free energy. Surprisingly, the global exponents differ from those obtained locally by the technique of the impurity tensors; however, the scaling relations remain satisfied even in the case of the global exponents.
First, a new method proposed by Baker and Rushbrooke is used to study the simple ferromagnetic Ising model at and below the Curie temperature. Of course, the properties of the Ising model are already well known, so that the main aim here is to assess the potential and reliability of the new method, since it has wide applicability to other models which have not been otherwise studied. Between 8 and 16 coefficients of exact high-temperature expansions for fixed values of the magnetization are derived for various two- and three-dimensional lattices. A Pad\'e-approximant analysis of these expansions at the critical isotherm and magnetic phase boundary enables us to estimate the critical exponents $\ensuremath{\beta}$, ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, and $\ensuremath{\delta}$, and plot the spontaneous magnetization. The results are in good agreement with previous calculations. Secondly, an analysis of the exact series expansions provides no support for the conjecture that the phase boundary is a line of essential singularities. However, the same expansions strongly suggest the existence of a "spinodal" curve, whose properties are in reasonable agreement with the predictions of various heuristic arguments (based essentially upon analyticity at the phase boundary and one-phase homogeneity in the critical region). Finally, structure and a mild extension of the proven analyticity of the free energy are used to show the $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\le}{\ensuremath{\Delta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\le}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$.