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Solid State Communications

Quantum coherent effects in cavity exciton polariton systems

E. Giacobino, Jean‐Philippe Karr, A. Baas, Gaétan Messin, Marco Romanelli, Alberto Bramati

Published Jan 7, 2005• 14 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.ssc.2004.07.079

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BEC of exciton-polaritons and related effects such as superfluidity1,2, spontaneous symmetry breaking3,4 and quantised vortices5,6 open way to creation of novel light sources7 and optical logic elements8. Remarkable observations of exciton-polariton BEC in microcavities9-12 have been reported in the recent ten years. Very recently, thermalisation and subsequent condensation of cavity photons in a dye-filled microcavity have been observed13. Here we show that BEC of both exciton-polaritons and photons can be created in the same system under different optical excitation conditions. A dynamic phase transition between a photon and a polariton BEC takes place after a single high-power excitation pulse and we find both condensed states in thermal equilibrium with the excited states. At the crossover, photons and polaritons coexist, which results in a decrease in the long-range spatial coherence. Build-up and successive depinning of polarisation is observed at the threshold of both polariton and photon condensation.
Quantum-well exciton superradiance and exciton cavity polarization formation both require a substantial spatial coherence area in order to become the dominant exciton field interaction. In both interaction processes the quantum-well (in-plane) momentum is conserved. Momentum scattering, which is due, e.g., to interaction with a phonon reservoir, quickly localizes an initially delocalized exciton and randomizes the excitation momentum. We take a close look at how momentum scattering influences measurements of excitonic superradiance and of exciton cavity polariton splitting. An important conclusion is that, in general, measurements of the emitted light do not correspond to the evolution of the system as a whole. Therefore, e.g., the measured decay rates do not correspond to the true decay rate of the system.