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Physical Review A

Dynamics of ion clouds in Paul traps

Ingo Siemers, R. Blatt, Thilo Sauter, Werner Neuhauser

Published Nov 1, 1988• 55 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Velocity distribution and spatial distribution of ion clouds in Paul traps have been investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The kinetic energy and the width of the spatial distribution have been measured as function of the trap parameters. This is compared with theoretical results obtained from model calculations based on Brownian motion of trapped particles.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.38.5121

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Physical Review Letters•Jun 10, 1991•65 citations
Velocity distribution and spatial distribution of ion clouds in Paul traps have been investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The kinetic energy and the width of the spatial distribution have been measured as function of the trap parameters. This is compared with theoretical results obtained from model calculations based on Brownian motion of trapped particles.
Confinement of ion clouds in an rf octupole ion trap is investigated with particular emphasis on the trapping stability, which is position dependent. Excitation spectra of trapped clouds of Ba+{\mathrm{Ba}}^{+}Ba+ ions are observed, and the kinetic energy of ion clouds is derived. The spatial extension of ion clouds is measured, providing the basis for an experimental study of the trapping stability. For ion clouds in an rf octupole trap the mean kinetic energy is smaller and the spatial extension is larger than in comparable Paul traps.
A cloud of three-level ions (Ba+{\mathrm{Ba}}^{+}Ba+) confined in a Paul trap was illuminated with two lasers and the resulting fluorescence was observed as a function of the laser detunings from the ionic resonance. The observed spectra show features due to the oscillatory motion of the trapped ions. In order to describe the observed line shapes, calculations are presented in which the ion ensemble is separated in classes of velocity amplitudes of the oscillatory motion rather than velocity classes.
We have carried out a molecular-dynamics simulation of hundreds of ions confined in a Paul trap. The simulation includes the trapped particles' micromotion and interparticle Coulomb interactions. We have implemented a random walk in velocity to bring the secular motion to a given temperature which we have numerically measured. When the coupling \ensuremath{\Gamma} is large the ions form concentric shells which undergo a quadrupole oscillation at the rf frequency, while the ions within a shell form a 2D hexagonal lattice. Ion clouds at 5 mK show no rf heating for qz{\mathit{q}}_{\mathit{z}}qz​\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.6, whereas rapid heating is seen for qz{\mathit{q}}_{\mathit{z}}qz​=0.8.