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Le Journal de Physique Colloques

LEVEL CROSSING EXPERIMENTS IN THE Tm I AND Sm I SPECTRA

E. Handrich, A. Steudel, Richard E. Wallenstein, HERBERT WALTHER

Published Jan 1, 1969• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The lifetimes of 12 levels of the Tm I and of 4 levels of the Sm I spectrum have been measured using the technique of zero field level crossing (Hanle effect). For two Tm I levels the hyperfine splitting of 169Tm was also measured by investigating the level crossings at finite magnetic fields. The lifetimes of the Tm I levels are discussed using the eigenvectors recently derived by Camus.

DOI
10.1051/jphyscol:1969104

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Le Journal de Physique Colloques•Jan 1, 1969•1 citation
The lifetimes of 12 levels of the Tm I and of 4 levels of the Sm I spectrum have been measured using the technique of zero field level crossing (Hanle effect). For two Tm I levels the hyperfine splitting of 169Tm was also measured by investigating the level crossings at finite magnetic fields. The lifetimes of the Tm I levels are discussed using the eigenvectors recently derived by Camus.
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Parametric resonances associated with zero-field level crossings of the 23S1{2}^{3}{S}_{1}23S1​ level of He4{\mathrm{He}}^{4}He4 have been investigated using transverse optical pumping. A steady-state technique based on the n=0n=0n=0, p=0p=0p=0 resonance (Hanle effect) is used to measure spin-state lifetimes and determine the dependence of the thermal relaxation time on the state of the active helium discharge. The n=0n=0n=0, p=1p=1p=1 resonance is quite strong and suitable for measuring weak magnetic fields. A sensitivity of 1.0 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ G is demonstrated for this measurement technique.
We measure and simulate numerically the Hanle effect and non-zero field level crossing signals in 85 Rb and 87 Rb atoms in a magnetic field at room temperature. Diode laser radiation from 4 mW cm −2 to 3.3 W cm −2 tuned to the D 2 absorption line of each isotope excites atoms into all the excited-state hyperfine levels simultaneously inside the unresolved Doppler profile. Polarization fluorescence detection is used to observe dark and bright resonances, as well as non-zero field level crossing resonances, for several excitation lines. A broad spectral line excitation model is applied to analyse the measured signals. The non-linear Zeeman effect is included in the model for both ground and excited states. Although the applied magnetic field does not exceed 80 G, several hyperfine levels of the excited state show a substantial deviation from the linear Zeeman effect.
The author reviews experimental techniques which use the properties of the scattering of light by free atoms in the neighborhood of a resonant frequency for investigation of excited atomic energy levels : - Hanle effect and its recent developments : (Hanle effect in an electrostatic field, molecular Hanle effect, Hanle effect of stepwise excited levels, sensitized fluorescence Hanle effect). - Double resonance experiments and its variations (« light beats »), excitation with modulated light...). - Level crossings and anticrossings (including of the study Stark effect by level crossings).