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Quantum Information Processing

Ion Trap Quantum Computing with Ca+ Ions

R. Blatt, H. H�ffner, Christian F. Roos, Christoph Becher, Ferdinand Schmidt‐Kaler

Published Oct 1, 2004• 30 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s11128-004-3105-1

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The long term aim of this work is to study the suitability of using laser cooled Ca+ ions in Penning traps as the basic components of a quantum computer. A great deal of progress in the field of quantum computing has been made in recent years with laser cooled ions stored in radio frequency ion traps. Building a useful quantum computer with trapped ions is however extremely challenging. Penning traps offer some possible benefits over radio frequency traps. They also create some additional difficulties. The potential advantages and disadvantages of Penning traps are discussed throughout the thesis. We show that we are able to overcome the problems associated with laser cooling in Penning traps, and have trapped single ions for extended periods of time. Pairs of Ca+ ions have been aligned along the axis of a Penning trap, and have been optically resolved. A novel Penning trap array based on PCB boards has been developed. A prototype was built and tested, along with the electronics required to shuttle ions between different sub-traps. Ions have been shuttled a distance of 10 mm in 2.5 μs. A return trip efficiency of up to 75% was seen. A quantum effect – J-state mixing caused by large magnetic fields – has been observed for the first time in single atomic ions. The magnetic field causes a forbidden [Delta]J = 2 transition to become weakly allowed. This effect is of general interest in atomic physics, and is also very relevant for quantum computation studies. A quantitative prediction of the magnitude of the J-mixing effect has been derived theoretically. This is compared to experimental data, and is found to be in excellent qualitative and good quantitative agreement.
Future quantum computing devices are expected to rely on the detection of multiple individual trapped ions. In recent work, scientists have used a fiber-optic coupled array of diffraction lenses to discriminate the fluorescence of individual Ca+{}^{+}+ ions. Their array is scaleable and achieves efficiencies of nearly 0.4% at detection times of under 200 microseconds.