Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Superconductivity in a quasi-two-dimensional Bose gas

Michael J. Rice, Y. R. Wang

Published Apr 1, 1988• 66 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We show, within mean-field theory, that the normal state of compressible quasi-two-dimensional bose gas with arbitrarily weak attractive interactions becomes unstable with respect to pair condensation at a temperature ${T}_{c}$ of order ${T}_{0}$, the bose degeneracy temperature. Below ${T}_{c}$ the ground-state many-particle wave function is the boson analog of the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer wave function and the charged gas has the principal electromagnetic properties of a conventional superconductor.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.37.5893

Related papers

Quantum Effects of Uniform Bose Atomic Gases with Weak Attraction

Ze Cheng

We find that uniform Bose atomic gases with weak attraction can undergo a Bardeen—Cooper—Schrieffer (BCS) condensation below a critical temperature. In the BCS condensation state, bare atoms with opposite wave vectors are bound into pairs, and unpaired bare atoms are transformed into a new kind of quasi-particles, i.e. the dressed atoms. The atom-pair system is a condensate or a superfluid and the dressed-atom system is a normal fluid. The critical temperature and the effective mass of dressed atoms are derived analytically. The transition from the BCS condensation state to the normal state is a first-order phase transition.

Chinese Physics Letters•May 1, 2011•0 citations

CONDENSATION STATE OF ULTRA-COLD BOSE ATOMIC GASES WITH NONCONTACT INTERACTION

Ze Cheng

Within the framework of quantum field theory, we find that uniform Bose atomic gases with noncontact interaction can undergo a Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) condensation below a critical temperature. In the BCS condensation state, bare atoms with opposite wave vectors are bound into pairs, and unpaired bare atoms are transformed into a new kind of quasi-particle, i.e., the dressed atom. The atom-pair system is a condensate or a superfluid and the dressed-atom system is a normal fluid. At absolute zero temperature the condensate possesses a lowest negative energy. The critical temperature and the effective mass of dressed atoms are derived analytically. The transition from the BCS condensation state to the normal state is a first-order phase transition.

International Journal of Modern Physics B•Feb 19, 2013•1 citation

Pairing transitions in a Binary Bose Gas

Shen, Zesheng, Lan Yin

The stable Bardeen-Schrieffer-Cooper (BCS) pairing state of a bosonic system has long been sought theoretically and experimentally. Here we study the BCS state of a binary Bose gas with $s$-wave intra-species repulsions and an inter-species attraction in the mean-field-stable region. We find that above the Bose-Einstein-Condensation (BEC) transtion temperature, there is a phase transtion from the normal state to the BCS state due to inter-species pairing. When the temperature decreases, another phase transtion from the BCS state to the mixture state with both atomic BEC and inter-species pairs occurs. As the temperature is further lowered, the mixuture state is taken over by the BEC state. The phase diagram of this system is presented and experimental implications are discussed.

arXiv:2409.01565•Sep 3, 2024•0 citations

Pairing, ferromagnetism, and condensation of a normal spin-1 Bose gas

Stefan S. Natu, Erich J. Mueller

We find the conditions under which the normal state of a spin-1 Bose gas is unstable toward condensation, ferromagnetism, liquid crystalline-like nematicity, and Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer-like pairing. When the spin-dependent interactions are much weaker than the density-density interaction there is direct transition from a featureless normal state to a fully ordered Bose-Einstein condensate with either ferromagnetic or nematic order. When the spin-independent and spin-dependent interactions are of comparable magnitude, we find several different symmetry breaking transitions at intermediate temperatures above the Bose-condensation transition temperature. We make predictions for the ${T}_{c}$ for these transitions, and assess the role of magnetic field and finite system size.

arXiv:1101.5639•Physical Review A•Nov 22, 2011•22 citations

Superconductivity in a two-dimensional Fermi gas: Evolution from Cooper pairing to Bose condensation

Mohit Randeria, Ji-Min Duan, Lih-Yir Shieh

We study a two-dimensional continuum model of a dilute gas of fermions at T=0 interacting via a given two-body potential, with an aim to investigate superconductors with coherence length of the order of the interparticle spacing [${k}_{F}$${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{0}$\ensuremath{\sim}O(1)], a striking feature of the high-${T}_{c}$ materials. We find that a two-body bound state in vacuum is a necessary and sufficient condition for an s-wave pairing instability. We also find that the existence of such a bound state in a higher-angular-momentum (l>0) channel is not a necessary condition for an l-wave pairing instability. We further investigate using a variational ansatz the evolution from a state with large overlapping Cooper pairs (${k}_{F}$${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{0}$\ensuremath{\gg}1) to one with Bose condensation of composite bosons (${k}_{F}$${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{0}$\ensuremath{\ll}1). For the s-wave case an exact solution of the variational equations shows a smooth crossover from one regime to the other at T=0. The p-wave solution has a weak singularity when the chemical potential goes through zero, which is the bottom of the band. We show, quite generally, independent of the dimensionality and of model details, that the gap--to--single-particle excitations is nodeless, even if the anisotropic pair wave function has nodes, when the coupling is strong enough that the chemical potential is negative.

Physical review. B, Condensed matter•Jan 1, 1990•367 citations

Pairing transitions in a binary Bose gas

Zesheng 泽盛 Shen 沈, Lan Yin

Abstract The stable Bardeen–Schrieffer–Cooper (BCS) pairing state of a bosonic system has long been sought theoretically and experimentally. Here we propose that a stable BCS state of bosons can be realized in a binary Bose gas with s-wave intra-species repulsion and an inter-species attraction in the mean-field-stable region. We find that above the Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) transition temperature, there is a phase transition from the normal state to a BCS state driven by inter-species pairing. When the temperature decreases, another phase transition from the BCS state to a mixed state featuring both atomic BEC and inter-species pairing occurs. As the temperature is further lowered, the mixed state is eventually taken over by the pure BEC state. We present the phase diagram of this system and discuss its experimental implications.

Chinese Physics B•Jun 4, 2025•3 citations
We show, within mean-field theory, that the normal state of compressible quasi-two-dimensional bose gas with arbitrarily weak attractive interactions becomes unstable with respect to pair condensation at a temperature Tc{T}_{c}Tc​ of order T0{T}_{0}T0​, the bose degeneracy temperature. Below Tc{T}_{c}Tc​ the ground-state many-particle wave function is the boson analog of the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer wave function and the charged gas has the principal electromagnetic properties of a conventional superconductor.
We find that uniform Bose atomic gases with weak attraction can undergo a Bardeen—Cooper—Schrieffer (BCS) condensation below a critical temperature. In the BCS condensation state, bare atoms with opposite wave vectors are bound into pairs, and unpaired bare atoms are transformed into a new kind of quasi-particles, i.e. the dressed atoms. The atom-pair system is a condensate or a superfluid and the dressed-atom system is a normal fluid. The critical temperature and the effective mass of dressed atoms are derived analytically. The transition from the BCS condensation state to the normal state is a first-order phase transition.
Within the framework of quantum field theory, we find that uniform Bose atomic gases with noncontact interaction can undergo a Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) condensation below a critical temperature. In the BCS condensation state, bare atoms with opposite wave vectors are bound into pairs, and unpaired bare atoms are transformed into a new kind of quasi-particle, i.e., the dressed atom. The atom-pair system is a condensate or a superfluid and the dressed-atom system is a normal fluid. At absolute zero temperature the condensate possesses a lowest negative energy. The critical temperature and the effective mass of dressed atoms are derived analytically. The transition from the BCS condensation state to the normal state is a first-order phase transition.
The stable Bardeen-Schrieffer-Cooper (BCS) pairing state of a bosonic system has long been sought theoretically and experimentally. Here we study the BCS state of a binary Bose gas with sss-wave intra-species repulsions and an inter-species attraction in the mean-field-stable region. We find that above the Bose-Einstein-Condensation (BEC) transtion temperature, there is a phase transtion from the normal state to the BCS state due to inter-species pairing. When the temperature decreases, another phase transtion from the BCS state to the mixture state with both atomic BEC and inter-species pairs occurs. As the temperature is further lowered, the mixuture state is taken over by the BEC state. The phase diagram of this system is presented and experimental implications are discussed.
We find the conditions under which the normal state of a spin-1 Bose gas is unstable toward condensation, ferromagnetism, liquid crystalline-like nematicity, and Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer-like pairing. When the spin-dependent interactions are much weaker than the density-density interaction there is direct transition from a featureless normal state to a fully ordered Bose-Einstein condensate with either ferromagnetic or nematic order. When the spin-independent and spin-dependent interactions are of comparable magnitude, we find several different symmetry breaking transitions at intermediate temperatures above the Bose-condensation transition temperature. We make predictions for the Tc{T}_{c}Tc​ for these transitions, and assess the role of magnetic field and finite system size.
We study a two-dimensional continuum model of a dilute gas of fermions at T=0 interacting via a given two-body potential, with an aim to investigate superconductors with coherence length of the order of the interparticle spacing [kF{k}_{F}kF​${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{0}$\ensuremath{\sim}O(1)], a striking feature of the high-Tc{T}_{c}Tc​ materials. We find that a two-body bound state in vacuum is a necessary and sufficient condition for an s-wave pairing instability. We also find that the existence of such a bound state in a higher-angular-momentum (l>0) channel is not a necessary condition for an l-wave pairing instability. We further investigate using a variational ansatz the evolution from a state with large overlapping Cooper pairs (kF{k}_{F}kF​${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{0}$\ensuremath{\gg}1) to one with Bose condensation of composite bosons (kF{k}_{F}kF​${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{0}$\ensuremath{\ll}1). For the s-wave case an exact solution of the variational equations shows a smooth crossover from one regime to the other at T=0. The p-wave solution has a weak singularity when the chemical potential goes through zero, which is the bottom of the band. We show, quite generally, independent of the dimensionality and of model details, that the gap--to--single-particle excitations is nodeless, even if the anisotropic pair wave function has nodes, when the coupling is strong enough that the chemical potential is negative.
Abstract The stable Bardeen–Schrieffer–Cooper (BCS) pairing state of a bosonic system has long been sought theoretically and experimentally. Here we propose that a stable BCS state of bosons can be realized in a binary Bose gas with s-wave intra-species repulsion and an inter-species attraction in the mean-field-stable region. We find that above the Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) transition temperature, there is a phase transition from the normal state to a BCS state driven by inter-species pairing. When the temperature decreases, another phase transition from the BCS state to a mixed state featuring both atomic BEC and inter-species pairing occurs. As the temperature is further lowered, the mixed state is eventually taken over by the pure BEC state. We present the phase diagram of this system and discuss its experimental implications.