Optics Letters

Sub-Doppler cooling of fermionic Hg isotopes in a magneto-optical trap

John J. McFerran, L. Yi, Sinda Mejri, S. Bize

Published Sep 8, 2010• 35 citations

Abstract

Laser cooling and trapping of neutral mercury is performed in a single-stage (1)S(0)↔(3)P(1) 3D magneto-optical trap. We give a detailed account of the atom cloud size and temperature for both bosonic ((200)Hg and (202)Hg) and fermionic ((199)Hg and (201)Hg) isotopes. The bosonic isotope temperatures are in close agreement with Doppler cooling theory, while temperatures obtained for the fermionic isotopes are lower, suggesting the presence of sub-Doppler cooling. A minimum temperature of 29±4 μK is achieved for (201)Hg.

DOI: 10.1364/ol.35.003078

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Optics Letters

Sub-Doppler cooling of fermionic Hg isotopes in a magneto-optical trap

John J. McFerran, L. Yi, Sinda Mejri, S. Bize

Published Sep 8, 2010• 35 citations

Publisher

Abstract

DOI: 10.1364/ol.35.003078

Related papers

Magneto-optical trapping of mercury at high phase-space density

Quentin Lavigne, Thorsten Groh, Simon Stellmer

We present a realization of a magneto-optical trap of mercury atoms on the $^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{3}P_{1}$ intercombination line. We report on trapping of all stable mercury isotopes. We characterize the effect of laser detuning, laser intensity, and gradient field on the trapping performance of our system. The atom number for the most abundant isotope $^{202}\mathrm{Hg}$ is $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{7}$ atoms. Moreover, we study the difference in cooling processes for bosonic and fermionic isotopes. We observe agreement with the Doppler cooling theory for the bosonic species and show sub-Doppler cooling for the fermionic species. We reach a phase-space density of a few parts in ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$, which constitutes a promising starting condition for dipole trap loading and evaporative cooling.We present a realization of a magneto-optical trap of mercury atoms on the $^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{3}P_{1}$ intercombination line. We report on trapping of all stable mercury isotopes. We characterize the effect of laser detuning, laser intensity, and gradient field on the trapping performance of our system. The atom number for the most abundant isotope $^{202}\mathrm{Hg}$ is $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{7}$ atoms. Moreover, we study the difference in cooling processes for bosonic and fermionic isotopes. We observe agreement with the Doppler cooling theory for the bosonic species and show sub-Doppler cooling for the fermionic species. We reach a phase-space density of a few parts in ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$, which constitutes a promising starting condition for dipole trap loading and evaporative cooling.

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We report experimental evidence of Sisyphus cooling in atoms with a ${}^{1}{S}_{0}$ ground state. Since $J=0,$ any cooling mechanism which requires multiple sublevels can only occur in the isotopes which have nuclear spin $I\ensuremath{\ne}0.$ Ytterbium has seven stable isotopes and offers a unique system in which we can study cooling on $F=\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{0}1$ ${(}^{168,170,172,174,176}\mathrm{Yb}),$ $F=1/\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{2}3/2$ ${(}^{171}\mathrm{Yb}),$ and $F=5/\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{2}7/2$ ${(}^{173}\mathrm{Yb}),$ depending on the selection of isotope. We have trapped each of the seven stable isotopes of ytterbium in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) using the strong ${}^{1}{S}_{0}{\ensuremath{-}}^{1}{P}_{1}$ transition, and transferred them into a second MOT which uses the much narrower ${}^{1}{S}_{0}{\ensuremath{-}}^{3}{P}_{1}$ intercombination transition. We have measured the temperature of isotopes ${}^{171}\mathrm{Yb},$ ${}^{173}\mathrm{Yb},$ and ${}^{174}\mathrm{Yb}$ in the ${}^{1}{S}_{0}{\ensuremath{-}}^{3}{P}_{1}$ MOT, as a function of the intensity and detuning of the trapping laser. The temperature of ${}^{174}\mathrm{Yb}$ was found to increase more rapidly with intensity than predicted by Doppler cooling theory, in agreement with earlier work on alkaline-earth atoms. In the odd isotopes the temperature was found to decrease with increasing angular momentum, as observed in earlier experiments and three-dimensional simulations.We report experimental evidence of Sisyphus cooling in atoms with a ${}^{1}{S}_{0}$ ground state. Since $J=0,$ any cooling mechanism which requires multiple sublevels can only occur in the isotopes which have nuclear spin $I\ensuremath{\ne}0.$ Ytterbium has seven stable isotopes and offers a unique system in which we can study cooling on $F=\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{0}1$ ${(}^{168,170,172,174,176}\mathrm{Yb}),$ $F=1/\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{2}3/2$ ${(}^{171}\mathrm{Yb}),$ and $F=5/\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{2}7/2$ ${(}^{173}\mathrm{Yb}),$ depending on the selection of isotope. We have trapped each of the seven stable isotopes of ytterbium in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) using the strong ${}^{1}{S}_{0}{\ensuremath{-}}^{1}{P}_{1}$ transition, and transferred them into a second MOT which uses the much narrower ${}^{1}{S}_{0}{\ensuremath{-}}^{3}{P}_{1}$ intercombination transition. We have measured the temperature of isotopes ${}^{171}\mathrm{Yb},$ ${}^{173}\mathrm{Yb},$ and ${}^{174}\mathrm{Yb}$ in the ${}^{1}{S}_{0}{\ensuremath{-}}^{3}{P}_{1}$ MOT, as a function of the intensity and detuning of the trapping laser. The temperature of ${}^{174}\mathrm{Yb}$ was found to increase more rapidly with intensity than predicted by Doppler cooling theory, in agreement with earlier work on alkaline-earth atoms. In the odd isotopes the temperature was found to decrease with increasing angular momentum, as observed in earlier experiments and three-dimensional simulations.

Physical Review AJul 25, 200375 citations

^{202}\mathrm{Hg}

is $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{7}$ atoms. Moreover, we study the difference in cooling processes for bosonic and fermionic isotopes. We observe agreement with the Doppler cooling theory for the bosonic species and show sub-Doppler cooling for the fermionic species. We reach a phase-space density of a few parts in ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$, which constitutes a promising starting condition for dipole trap loading and evaporative cooling.

We report experimental evidence of Sisyphus cooling in atoms with a

{}^{1}{S}_{0}

ground state. Since

J=0,

any cooling mechanism which requires multiple sublevels can only occur in the isotopes which have nuclear spin $I\ensuremath{\ne}0.$ Ytterbium has seven stable isotopes and offers a unique system in which we can study cooling on $F=\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{0}1$

{(}^{168,170,172,174,176}\mathrm{Yb}),

$F=1/\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{2}3/2$

{(}^{171}\mathrm{Yb}),

and $F=5/\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{2}7/2$

{(}^{173}\mathrm{Yb}),

depending on the selection of isotope. We have trapped each of the seven stable isotopes of ytterbium in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) using the strong ${}^{1}{S}_{0}{\ensuremath{-}}^{1}{P}_{1}$ transition, and transferred them into a second MOT which uses the much narrower ${}^{1}{S}_{0}{\ensuremath{-}}^{3}{P}_{1}$ intercombination transition. We have measured the temperature of isotopes

{}^{171}\mathrm{Yb},

{}^{173}\mathrm{Yb},

and

{}^{174}\mathrm{Yb}

in the ${}^{1}{S}_{0}{\ensuremath{-}}^{3}{P}_{1}$ MOT, as a function of the intensity and detuning of the trapping laser. The temperature of

{}^{174}\mathrm{Yb}

was found to increase more rapidly with intensity than predicted by Doppler cooling theory, in agreement with earlier work on alkaline-earth atoms. In the odd isotopes the temperature was found to decrease with increasing angular momentum, as observed in earlier experiments and three-dimensional simulations.