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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Two-mode interactions in DFB systems: polarization-squeezed light and QND measurements

A. P. Alodjants, Sergei M Arakelyan, Anatoliy S. Chirkin

Published May 6, 1996• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The possibility of formation of polarization-squeezed light in the case of the interaction of two orthogonally polarized waves in the spatio-periodical Kerr medium is considered. It is shown that at the output of such a nonlinear medium fluctuations of one of the Stokes parameter can be less than ones incoherent state. For the first time a procedure of quantum nondemolition measurement (QND) of the Stokes parameters of light is offered and analyzed.

DOI
10.1117/12.239854

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The possibility of formation of polarization-squeezed light in the case of the interaction of two orthogonally polarized waves in the spatio-periodical Kerr medium is considered. It is shown that at the output of such a nonlinear medium fluctuations of one of the Stokes parameter can be less than ones incoherent state. For the first time a procedure of quantum nondemolition measurement (QND) of the Stokes parameters of light is offered and analyzed.
A possibility of formation of nonclassical polarization states of light in the case of interaction of two orthogonally polarized modes in a spatio-inhomogeneous nonlinear medium is considered. A procedure of the quantum nondemolition (QND) measurement both of the Stokes parameters and the phase difference of two orthogonally polarized modes of optical field is presented and analyzed for the first time. We also introduce a new nonlinear parameter to describe the light polarization (depolarization) in quantum optics. The general approach to the measurement procedure under study allows to propose the new scheme for the QND-measurement of the angular momentum of atomic system as well.
The analysis of formation of chaotic quantum states for two (or four) orthogonally polarized modes in a tunnelly-coupled optical fiber (TCOF) has been carried out. A special attention is devoted both to the structure of arising polarization instabilities and to the possibility to control of such a quantum state by procedure of quantum nondemolition measurements. New effect of polarization switching is obtained. A new method of generating correlated fluctuations in optical field, based on Raman-Nath diffraction by a fine grating, is discussed. A nonclassical effect is predicted: a suppression of quantum fluctuations below the level of full coherence in the sum of difference photon numbers for the transmitted and scattered waves. The physics of this phenomenon involves a correlation of quantum fluctuations in the intensities of two modes that are coupled nonlinearly. This correlation is most effective in the limit of parametric interaction between the waves in the medium.
In our paper we consider the behavior of both the Hermitian (observable) Stokes parameters of light and the phases difference that describes the polarization state of optical field. In general case we introduce two pairs of phase operators associated with the phase angles in 3D picture for the polarization Stokes parameters of light on the Poincare sphere. The special eight-port polarization interferometer is presented for simultaneous homodyne detection of both the Stokes parameters of light and the polarization phases and also of their fluctuations. It is shown that an anisotropic (spatio-periodically) Kerr-like nonlinear medium placed in the polarization interferometer can be used for generation and observation of the polarization-squeezed phase states of light.
A brief review of theoretical studies of the quantum state of polarization of light exhibiting the level of fluctuations in at least one of the Stokes parameters which is below the quantum noise limit is presented. Two approaches to generation of polarization-squeezed state of light are analyzed in detail: by propagating coherent radiation in a cubic nonlinear medium and by mixing radiation of two orthogonally polarized quadrature-squeezed modes. The degree of polarization of light is discussed. Other areas of quantum polarization optics, in particular, entanglement of quantum Stokes parameters and quantum polarization tomography, are also discussed.
In our paper we consider the non-classical behaviour of both the Hermitian (observable) Stokes parameters of light and the phase difference of two modes that describe the quantum polarization states of optical field. To characterize the degree of polarization of light we introduce a new quantity taking into account the quantum properties of different quantum states of two orthogonally polarized modes. The problem of determination of the phase difference in two modes of optical field for the quantum polarization states of light is discussed. To describe in general such a quantum field we introduce two pairs of the phase operators: the phase angles for the Stokes parameters of light in a three-dimensional picture of the Poincaré sphere. We also consider a special type of the eight-port polarization interferometer (polarimeter) for simultaneous homodyne detection of both the Stokes parameters of light and the polarization phase operators and their fluctuations as well. Using an anisotropic (spatioperiodic) Kerr-like nonlinear medium associated with the polarization interferometer we could generate and also observe the polarization-squeezed phase states of light. The fluctuations in the phase difference between two orthogonally polarized modes for these non-classical states are less than the fluctuations for light in coherent state.