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Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers (ACSSC)

Robust transmission over wiretap channels with secret keys

Rafael F. Schaefer, H. Vincent Poor

Published Nov 1, 2014• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The wiretap channel with secret keys models the problem of secure communication in the presence of a non-legitimate eavesdropper, where the transmitter and legitimate receiver share a secret key of finite rate. This communication scenario is studied for compound channels. An achievable strong secrecy rate is presented and a multi-letter upper bound is derived. For degraded compound wiretap channels with secret keys the strong secrecy capacity is established. Finally, the case of channel state information at the transmitter is discussed and the secrecy capacity is established for this case as well.

DOI
10.1109/acssc.2014.7094397

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IEEE Transactions on Information Theory•Nov 24, 2009•140 citations
The wiretap channel with secret keys models the problem of secure communication in the presence of a non-legitimate eavesdropper, where the transmitter and legitimate receiver share a secret key of finite rate. This communication scenario is studied for compound channels. An achievable strong secrecy rate is presented and a multi-letter upper bound is derived. For degraded compound wiretap channels with secret keys the strong secrecy capacity is established. Finally, the case of channel state information at the transmitter is discussed and the secrecy capacity is established for this case as well.
The problem of secure communication over a multiple access wiretap channel (MAWC) is studied. Here, two transmitters send confidential messages to a legitimate receiver while keeping a non-legitimate eavesdropper ignorant of them. In this paper, this communication scenario is studied for compound channels, for which it is only known to the users that the actual channel realization is fixed and belongs to a known set of possible channels. The criterion of strong secrecy is analyzed and its impact on the decoding performance of the eavesdropper is specified. It is shown that the average decoding error at the eavesdropper approaches one exponentially fast regardless of the applied decoding strategy. Furthermore, an achievable strong secrecy rate region is presented and a multi-letter outer bound is derived. Both together establish a multi-letter description of the strong secrecy capacity region.
In this paper, a new wiretap channel model is proposed, where the legitimate transmitter and receiver communicate over a discrete memoryless channel. The wiretapper has perfect access to a fixed-length subset of the transmitted codeword symbols of her choosing. Additionally, she observes the remainder of the transmitted symbols through a discrete memoryless channel. This new model subsumes the classical wiretap channel and wiretap channel II with noisy main channel as its special cases. The strong secrecy capacity of the proposed channel model is identified. Achievability is established by solving a dual secret key agreement problem in the source model, and converting the solution to the original channel model using probability distribution approximation arguments. In the dual problem, a source encoder and decoder, who observe random sequences independent and identically distributed according to the input and output distributions of the legitimate channel in the original problem, communicate a confidential key over a public error-free channel using a single forward transmission, in the presence of a compound wiretapping source who has perfect access to the public discussion. The security of the key is guaranteed for the exponentially many possibilities of the subset chosen at wiretapper by deriving a lemma which provides a doubly-exponential convergence rate for the probability that, for a fixed choice of the subset, the key is uniform and independent from the public discussion and the wiretapping source's observation. The converse is derived by using Sanov's theorem to upper bound the secrecy capacity of the new wiretap channel model by the secrecy capacity when the tapped subset is randomly chosen by nature.
This paper considers the compound wiretap channel, which generalizes Wyner's wiretap model to allow the channels to the (legitimate) receiver and to the eavesdropper to take a number of possible states. No matter which states occur, the transmitter guarantees that the receiver decodes its message and that the eavesdropper is kept in full ignorance about the message. The compound wiretap channel can also be viewed as a multicast channel with multiple eavesdroppers, in which the transmitter sends information to all receivers and keeps the information secret from all eavesdroppers. For the discrete memoryless channel, lower and upper bounds on the secrecy capacity are derived. The secrecy capacity is established for the degraded channel and the semideterministic channel with one receiver. The parallel Gaussian channel is further studied. The secrecy capacity and the secrecy degree of freedom ( ) are derived for the degraded case with one receiver. Schemes to achieve the for the case with two receivers and two eavesdroppers are constructed to demonstrate the necessity of a prefix channel in encoder design. Finally, the multi-antenna (i.e., MIMO) compound wiretap channel is studied. The secrecy capacity is established for the degraded case and an achievable is given for the general case.
In this paper, a new wiretap channel model is proposed, where the legitimate transmitter and receiver communicate over a discrete memoryless channel. The wiretapper has perfect access to a fixed-length subset of the transmitted code word symbols of her choosing. Additionally, she observes the remainder of the transmitted symbols through a discrete memoryless channel. This new model subsumes the classical wiretap channel and wiretap channel II with noisy main channel as its special cases, and is termed as the generalized wiretap channel for that reason. The strong secrecy capacity of the proposed channel model is identified. Achievability is established by solving a dual secret key agreement problem in the source model, and converting the solution to the original channel model using probability distribution approximation arguments. In the dual problem, a source encoder and decoder, who observe random sequences independent and identically distributed according to the input and output distributions of the legitimate channel in the original problem, communicate a confidential key over a public error-free channel using a single forward transmission, in the presence of a compound wiretapping source who has perfect access to the public discussion. The security of the key is guaranteed for the exponentially many possibilities of the subset chosen at the wiretapper by deriving a lemma which provides a doubly-exponential convergence rate for the probability that, for a fixed choice of the subset, the key is uniform and independent from the public discussion and the wiretapping source's observation. The converse is derived by using Sanov's theorem to upper bound the secrecy capacity of the generalized wiretap channel by the secrecy capacity when the tapped subset is randomly chosen by nature.
This paper studies the problem of secure communication over a wiretap channel p(y,z|x) with a secure feedback link of rate Rf, where X is the channel input, and Y and Z are channel outputs observed by the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper, respectively. It is shown that the secrecy capacity, the maximum data rate of reliable communication while the intended message is not revealed to the eavesdropper, is upper bounded as Cs(Rf) les maxmin/p(x) {I(X;Y), I(X;Y |Z) + Rf}. The proof of the bound crucially depends on a recursive argument which is used to obtain the single-letter characterization. This upper bound is shown to be tight for the class of physically degraded wiretap channels. A capacity-achieving coding scheme is presented for this case, in which the receiver securely feeds back fresh randomness with rate Rf, generated independent of the received channel output symbols. The transmitter then uses this shared randomness as a secret key on top of Wyner's coding scheme for wiretap channels without feedback. Hence, when a feedback link is available, the receiver should allocate all resources to convey a new key rather than sending back the channel output.