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Optics and Spectroscopy

Chaotic dynamics in a nonautonomous Dicke model without the rotating-wave approximation

Igor Leonidovich Kirilyuk

Published May 1, 2002• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The properties of a system consisting of two-level atoms interacting with a mode of the electromagnetic field in a cavity are considered for the case when the cavity detuning or the coefficient of the atom-field interaction is modulated. The consideration is performed with account taken of the Hamiltonian terms that are neglected in the rotating-wave approximation. It is shown that in the semiclassical equations for such a model, the effect of extension (compared to the autonomous system) of the range of variation of the quantity characterizing the number of photons can manifest itself; in this case, the energy oscillations have a chaotic character. The dependence of this phenomenon on parameters characterizing the model is studied. It is numerically demonstrated that with account taken for the relaxation, the system studied can have attractors different from the equilibrium positions, i.e., the number of photons in the mode does not tend to a constant value. The limits of validity of the rotating-wave approximation in the parametrically perturbed Dicke model are discussed.

DOI
10.1134/1.1481138

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理论物理通讯：英文版•Jan 1, 2005•0 citations
The properties of a system consisting of two-level atoms interacting with a mode of the electromagnetic field in a cavity are considered for the case when the cavity detuning or the coefficient of the atom-field interaction is modulated. The consideration is performed with account taken of the Hamiltonian terms that are neglected in the rotating-wave approximation. It is shown that in the semiclassical equations for such a model, the effect of extension (compared to the autonomous system) of the range of variation of the quantity characterizing the number of photons can manifest itself; in this case, the energy oscillations have a chaotic character. The dependence of this phenomenon on parameters characterizing the model is studied. It is numerically demonstrated that with account taken for the relaxation, the system studied can have attractors different from the equilibrium positions, i.e., the number of photons in the mode does not tend to a constant value. The limits of validity of the rotating-wave approximation in the parametrically perturbed Dicke model are discussed.
Some quantum optical models possessing a transition from regular to chaotic dynamics and influence of 'quantum chaos' to photons statistics are investigated. Particular cases of semiclassical dynamics of a single atom and cooperative system of these atoms with (2j + 1) -- equidistant levels interacting with a quantized photon mode in an ideal cavity were considered. We take into account parametric pumping. Corresponding equations of motion are received without the rotation-wave approximation. It was demonstrated the scenario of transition to chaos, realized by doubling frequencies mechanism with growing of 'atom + field' coupling constant. Chaotic behavior and squeezing degree time dependence were obtained in computer simulations for coupling constant values of order of the atomic frequency, the calculation of the maximal Lyapunov coefficient for the dynamics of many two- level atoms interacting with photon cavity mode as function of 'atoms + field' interaction constant is performed. An influence of possible parametric instabilities of nonlinear media and effects of dissipation for atoms are discussed.
We study the nonlinear dynamics of the interaction of two-level atoms and a selected mode of a high- Q cavity with frequency modulation analytically and numerically. In the absence of modulation, the corresponding semiclassical Heisenberg equations for the expectation values of the collective atomic observables and the field-mode amplitudes allow, in the rotating wave approximation and in the strong-coupling limit, an exact solution with arbitrary detuning. Using this solution, we detect the coherent effect of trapping of the population of atomic levels and of trapping of the number of photons in the cavity. The explanation for this effect lies in the destructive interference of the atomic dipoles and the field mode. The integrable version of the system of equations exhibits a separatrix near which a stochastic layer is formed when modulation is introduced. The width of the layer is found to gradually increase with degree of modulation, and finally it fills the entire energy-permissible volume of the phase space. We show that the rotating wave approximation does not hinder the formation of Hamiltonian chaos in cavity semiclassical electrodynamics. The calculation of the maximum Lyapunov indices of nonlinear (in this approximation) equations of motion as functions of the modulation frequency δ and the frequency of natural Rabi oscillations of the atom-field system, Ω, suggests that Hamiltonian chaos appears first in the area of the fundamental parametric resonance, δ /2Ω≃1. Parametric instability increases with increasing modulation and decreasing detuning from the atom-field resonance, generating at exact resonance new areas of chaos corresponding to multiple parametric resonances. The results of numerical experiments and estimates of the characteristic parameters show that Rydberg atoms placed in a high- Q microwave cavity are possible objects for observing parametric instability and dynamical chaos.
In recent years there have been significant advances in the study of many-body interactions between atoms and light confined to optical cavities.One model that has received widespread attention of late is the Dicke model, which under certain conditions exhibits a quantum phase transition to a state in which the atoms collectively emit light into the cavity mode, known as superradiance.We consider a generalization of this model that features independently controllable strengths of the corotating and counter-rotating terms of the interaction Hamiltonian.We study this system in the semiclassical (mean field) limit, i.e., neglecting the role of quantum fluctuations.Under this approximation, the model is described by a set of nonlinear differential equations, which determine the system's semiclassical evolution.By taking a dynamical systems approach, we perform a comprehensive analysis of these equations to reveal an abundance of complex dynamics.Examples of the phenomena that we observe are the emergence of superradiant oscillations arising due to Hopf bifurcations, and the appearance of a pair of chaotic attractors arising from period-doubling cascades, followed by their collision to form a single, larger chaotic attractor via a sequence of infinitely many homoclinic bifurcations.Moreover, we find that a flip of the collective spin can result in the sudden emergence of chaotic dynamics.Overall, we provide a comprehensive road map of the possible dynamics that arise in the unbalanced, open Dicke model in the form of a phase diagram in the plane of the two interaction strengths.Hence, we lay out the foundations to make further advances in the study of the fingerprint of semiclassical chaos when considering the master equation of the unbalanced Dicke model, thus, providing the possibility of studying a manifestation of quantum chaos in a specific, experimentally realizable system.
The dynamics of an ensemble of two-level atoms moving through a single-mode lossless cavity is investigated in the semiclassical and rotating-wave approximations. The dynamical system for the expectation values of the atomic and field observables is considered as a perturbation to one of the following integrable versions: (i) a model with atoms moving through a spatially inhomogeneous resonant field, and (ii) a model with atoms interacting with a nonresonant eigenmode which is assumed to be homogeneous on the cavity size. We find the general exact solutions for both the models and show that they contain special solutions describing a coherent effect of population and radiation trapping. Using the Melnikov method, we prove analytically transverse intersections of stable and unstable manifolds of a hyperbolic fixed point under a small modulation of the vacuum Rabi frequency. These intersections are believed to provide the Smale horseshoe mechanism of Hamiltonian chaos. The analytical results are accompanied with direct computation of topographical maps of maximal Lyapunov exponents that give a representative image of regularity and chaos in the atom-field system in different ranges of its control parameters--the frequency detuning, the number, and the velocity of atoms.
The influence of chaotic behavior of coherent state (CS) parameters on entanglement dynamics in system of two level atoms and photons in cavity is investigated. The initial state of the system is chosen as factorized production of photon and atomic coherent states. To find a solution of the Schrödinger equation, we presented the time-dependent wave function in the form of a wave packet in CS representation. The phase portraits and Poincare sections for classical dynamics of CS were computed, and time dependence of the mean number of photons level populations and atomic entropy were calculated in quantum case. The analysis showed that the chaotic behavior in quantum-optical Dicke model increases the degree of entanglement in the atomic subsystem. At the same time greater entanglement is generated when selecting the initial atomic CS parameters near the center of the corresponding Poincare sections. It is considered dynamics of two identical two-level atoms in non-ideal cavity (nonideal Tavis-Cummings model). Accounting for decay showed that the generation of atomic entanglement is accompanied by the return of the initial separable state (”death” of entanglement), but this behavior with the increase of the initial parameter of the field CS is only at sufficiently small times. Influence of detuning and damping constants are considered.
The dynamics of an ensemble of two-level atoms injected into a single-mode cavity is studied in the exact atom-field interaction situation, in which the counter-rotating terms describing the so-called virtual photon processes neglected in the rotating-wave approximation, are considered. The cavity mode is driven by the injected classical field,and the atom is prepared in a coherent superposition of the two levels. We first derive the generalized Lorenz-Haken equation by using the technique of quantum Langevin equation, and then numerically study the dynamics of this equation.We find that the virtual photon processes have strong effects on the dynamics, which can cause the trajectory in phase space of strange attractor spiral around four focus points, and the trajectory is modulated by virtual photon processes.The chaos region in parameter space is now enlarged. It should be stressed that the strange attractor can exist in optical bistability, and whether the atomic coherences and classical field can inhibit chaos depends on the laser frequency.