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Physical Review A

Bound states of guided matter waves: An atom and a charged wire

Lene Vestergaard Hau, Michael M. Burns, J. A. Golovchenko

Published May 1, 1992• 49 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We argue that it is possible to bind a neutral atom in stable orbits around a wire charged by a time-varying sinusoidal voltage. Both classical and quantum-mechanical theories for this system are discussed, and a unified approach to the Kapitza picture of effective potentials associated with high-frequency fields is presented. It appears that cavities and waveguides for neutral-atomic-matter waves may be fashioned from these considerations.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.45.6468

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We argue that it is possible to bind a neutral atom in stable orbits around a wire charged by a time-varying sinusoidal voltage. Both classical and quantum-mechanical theories for this system are discussed, and a unified approach to the Kapitza picture of effective potentials associated with high-frequency fields is presented. It appears that cavities and waveguides for neutral-atomic-matter waves may be fashioned from these considerations.
The spectrum and the wave function of neutral atoms in the magnetic field of a Kepler-guide are presented by reducing a two-dimensional stationary Schrdinger equation to a one-dimensional hydrogen atom in Rydberg states. In addition, we set the scale for the atomic orbits and binding energy i n the quantum regime, and compare it with the outcome of the experiment. At the same time, we find that reducing the current and radius of the wire properly wil l increase the loading efficiency of the Kepler-guide.
A versatile miniature de Broglie waveguide is formed by two parallel current-carrying wires in the presence of a uniform bias field. We derive a variety of analytical expressions to describe the guide and present a quantum theory to show that it offers a remarkable range of possibilities for atom manipulation on the submicron scale. These include controlled and coherent splitting of the wave function as well as cooling, trapping, and guiding. In particular, we discuss a novel microscopic atom interferometer with the potential to be exceedingly sensitive.
Abstract We propose two novel schemes for guiding cold, neutral atoms using static magnetic fields generated by several cylindrical arrays of current‐carrying wires or a few different‐shaped (V‐, or U‐shaped, etc.) current‐carrying conductors, and calculate the corresponding magnetic‐field contours and their trapping potentials. Our study shows that some guiding schemes can be used to form an atomic funnel, or an atomic beam‐splitter, or even construct an atomic interferometer, and some guiding schemes can be used to realize a single‐mode wave guide of ultracold atoms (or coherent matter waves, BEC) under certain conditions. We also propose a few new schemes to microscopically trap neutral atoms by using various planar arrays of current‐carrying wires and calculate the spatial distribution of the magnetic fields. Our research shows that these microtrap arrays can be used to form 1D, 2D or 3D atomic magnetic lattices, and then to prepare 1D, 2D or 3D photonic crystals, even to realize a 1D, 2D or 3D array of magnetically‐trapped BECs or Bose Clusters.
The quantum-mechanical states of neutral particles endowed with the magnetic moment (such as neutrons, light atoms, or even neutrinos, although the effect will be extremely tiny) in the combination of electromagnetic vortex field together with the constant magnetic field are investigated. It is shown that this system of fields is in principle capable of capturing the particle in the perpendicular direction and guiding it along the propagating wave. The quantum evolution is subject to tunneling processes, which can destroy the delicate trapping mechanism. The calculated probability of such processes shows that basically it should be possible to catch and guide the particle for the time corresponding to about ${10}^{5}{\ensuremath{\omega}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, where $\ensuremath{\omega}$ is the frequency of the guiding wave. This time can be lengthened by the appropriate adjustments of the external magnetic field. Due to the very small values of magnetic moments of available neutral particles and their relatively large masses, this binding mechanism constitutes presently only a theoretical possibility since it would require extremely strong magnetic fields.