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Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Spin-polarized hydrogen in high magnetic fields

John D. Gillaspy, Isaac F. Silvera, J. S. Brooks

Published Nov 1, 1988• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have nearly tripled the range of magnetic-field strength over which bulk three-body recombination has been studied in spin-polarized atomic hydrogen. Analysis of our data (8-20 T) shows for the first time a qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions for the field dependence of dipolar recombination. Our results for the three-body exchange recombination are over an order of magnitude lower than a previously published value, and thus in reasonable agreement with theory. We discuss the prospects for observing Bose-Einstein condensation in very high magnetic fields.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.38.9231

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Physical Review Letters•Apr 23, 1984•59 citations
We have nearly tripled the range of magnetic-field strength over which bulk three-body recombination has been studied in spin-polarized atomic hydrogen. Analysis of our data (8-20 T) shows for the first time a qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions for the field dependence of dipolar recombination. Our results for the three-body exchange recombination are over an order of magnitude lower than a previously published value, and thus in reasonable agreement with theory. We discuss the prospects for observing Bose-Einstein condensation in very high magnetic fields.
The study of spin-polarized atomic hydrogen in the three-dimensional gas phase has been extended into a new regime of magnetic field strength. Analysis of decay data for B=10--20 T reveal for the first time the characteristic peak in the three-body dipolar-decay rate constant as predicted by Kagan, Vartanyants, and Shlyapnikov (Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 81, 1113 (1981) [Sov. Phys.---JETP 54, 590 (1981)]). Beyond 17 T we observe a rapid falloff of the three-body-decay rate constant. We also determine a value for the three-body-exchange rate constant which is in accord with the calculation of Kagan et al. In contrast to the picture which was emerging from previous studies at more moderate fields, the data presented here suggest that existing theories are capable of describing the decay of the system in the very-high-field limit. The new picture which is emerging suggests that Bose-Einstein condensation may be achievable at somewhat higher fields which are currently available at high-magnetic-field facilities.
In view of the failure of the Kagan dipole mechanism to explain the magnetic field dependence of the H+H+H recombination rate in spin-polarized atomic hydrogen, we consider an additional process, the so-called dipole-exchange mechanism. Two simple approaches to estimate its consequences turn out to be promising but the question of the role of different and higher-order processes remains open. We therefore turn to in principle, an exact approach to the three-body recombination, including all possible processes. The first numerical results of the approach are presented.
Three-body recombination in spin-polarized hydrogen has been observed. Doubly polarized hydrogen was compressed by a piston into a thin cell and the temperature and pressure were independently monitored. Measurements were carried out in the temperature range 0.3 to 0.45 K in a magnetic field of 8.0 T at densities up to 1.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1018{10}^{18}1018 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. The results are in good agreement with the theory of Kagan, Vartanyants and Shlyapnikov.
The three-body recombination rate in spin-polarized hydrogen has been measured at temperatures from 0.25 to 0.60 K in magnetic fields from 5 to 9 T. In contrast to theoretical expectation, the three-body rate is a weakly decreasing function of field in this region. At 7.6 T the gas and surface three-body rate constants are ${L}_{g}=7.5(3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}39}$ cm6{\mathrm{cm}}^{6}cm6 ${\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and ${L}_{s}=2.0(6)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}24}$ cm4{\mathrm{cm}}^{4}cm4 ${\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The large value of Ls{L}_{s}Ls​ can account for effects previously attributed to an anomalously large surface two-body nuclear relaxation rate.