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Physical Review Letters

Enhanced Cross-Phase Modulation Based on a Double Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in a Four-Level Tripod Atomic System

Shujing Li, Xudong Yang, Xuemin Cao, Chun-Hong Zhang, Changde Xie, Hai Wang

Published Aug 13, 2008• 142 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report experimental observations on the simultaneous electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effects for probe and trigger fields (double EIT) as well as the enhanced cross-phase modulation (XPM) between the two fields in a four-level tripod EIT system of the D1 line of 87Rb atoms. The XPM coefficients (larger than 2 x 10(-5) cm2/W) and the accompanying transmissions (higher than 60%) are measured at a slight detuning of the probe field from the exact EIT-resonance condition. The system and enhanced cross-Kerr nonlinearities presented here can be applied to quantum information processes.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.101.073602

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Vinh University Journal of Science•Jun 15, 2018•1 citation
We report experimental observations on the simultaneous electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effects for probe and trigger fields (double EIT) as well as the enhanced cross-phase modulation (XPM) between the two fields in a four-level tripod EIT system of the D1 line of 87Rb atoms. The XPM coefficients (larger than 2 x 10(-5) cm2/W) and the accompanying transmissions (higher than 60%) are measured at a slight detuning of the probe field from the exact EIT-resonance condition. The system and enhanced cross-Kerr nonlinearities presented here can be applied to quantum information processes.
We report the experimental observations on the simultaneous EIT effects for probe and trigger fields (double EIT) as well as the large cross-phase modulation (XPM) between the two fields in a four-level tripod EIT system of the D1 line of 87Rb atoms. The XPM coefficients (larger than 2*10-5cm2/W) and the accompanying transmissions (higher than 60%) are measured at slightly detuning of the probe field from the exact EIT resonance condition. The presented system can be applied in the recently proposed quantum information processing with weak cross-Kerr nonlinearities.
We investigate, both theoretically and experimentally, the cross-Kerr nonlinearity generated in a four-level tripod system in the 87Rb D1 line. The system exhibits simultaneous electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) windows for two weak (probe and trigger) fields and the enhanced cross-Kerr nonlinearity by EIT. The cross-Kerr nonlinear phase shifts for probe (trigger) field are measured at several different intensities of trigger (probe) field. The results show that large cross-phase modulation (XPM) coefficients can be achieved at low light intensities.
A four-level inverted-Y scheme with an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) core is investigated for the enhancement of cross-Kerr effect in rubidium atoms. When detunings of the coupling and control fields are appropriately set, an enhanced EIT window is observed, and the induced phase shift of the probe field due to cross-phase modulation (XPM) is obtained by measuring the dispersive property of the probe transition. The maximal XPM phase shift is about 12° under the current experimental conditions. The experimental measurements agree well with the theoretical calculations. The enhanced XPM phase shift in such an atomic system has applications in quantum nonlinear optics and quantum information science.
We present the experimental observations and theoretical calculations of two electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) windows and an enhanced EIT signal in a four-level tripod system of D1 line of 87 Rb atoms. The two EIT dips produced by a strong coupling beam and a weak trigger beam were observed in the absorption spectrum of probe field, when the frequency detuning of the trigger beam was different from that of the coupling beam. When the frequency detuning of the trigger beam was near or equal to that of the coupling beam, the total depth of the EIT dip created by the coupling beam clearly became larger. The experimental measurements were in agreement with theoretical calculations.
We present an experimental system to generate large cross-phase modulation (XPM) in cold rubidium atoms. By using an efficient state-preparation technique in the 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb D1D1D1 line, an ideal four-level tripod-type atomic system is formed, which generates large cross-Kerr nonlinearity via interacting dark states in this system. The induced phase shift due to XPM for the probe beam is measured for different trigger beam intensities, which is the key to achieving conditional quantum phase gates and many other applications in quantum information processing.
We study enhancement of cross-Kerr nonlinearity in four-level N-type atomic system by the analytical method. The results apply to the 87Rb atoms and show that in the presence of the EIT effect (i.e., the presence of coupling laser field), the Kerr nonlinear coefficient is enhanced several order of magnitudes (about 10-6 cm2/W) around the EIT window. That is, on the Kerr nonlinear graph the two positive and negative values are found on both sides of the resonant frequency. The amplitude and sign of the Kerr nonlinear coefficient can be controlled versus the intensity or frequency of the coupling laser field. Analytical results are useful for experimental observation and related applications.