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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Experimental demonstration of slowing light by oscillatory mode in left-handed waveguides

Tsung-Yu Huang, Tien-Chung Yang, Ta‐Jen Yen

Published Aug 19, 2010• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Slowing light has arisen increasing attentions due to its applications for optical switching, optical hard disk and memories. Among several systems to potentially demonstrate the slowing light effect, such as electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT), metamaterial analogue EIT, left-handed waveguides, foremost is the three-layered left-handed waveguides (LHWG). Therefore, by using a negative refraction index medium (NRIM) operated at multiple-angle incidences to construct an LHWG, herein we experimentally demonstrate the effect of slowing light by activating the oscillatory mode at certain frequency. Our results confirmed by introducing E-field (or H-field) distribution and power flow recording in CST simulation software.

DOI
10.1117/12.862495

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Slowing light has arisen increasing attentions due to its applications for optical switching, optical hard disk and memories. Among several systems to potentially demonstrate the slowing light effect, such as electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT), metamaterial analogue EIT, left-handed waveguides, foremost is the three-layered left-handed waveguides (LHWG). Therefore, by using a negative refraction index medium (NRIM) operated at multiple-angle incidences to construct an LHWG, herein we experimentally demonstrate the effect of slowing light by activating the oscillatory mode at certain frequency. Our results confirmed by introducing E-field (or H-field) distribution and power flow recording in CST simulation software.
The propagation of light in dispersive media is a subject of fundamental as well as practical importance. In recent years attention has focused in particular on how refractive index can vary with frequency in such a way that the group velocities of optical pulses can be much greater or much smaller than the speed of light in vacuum, or in which the refractive index can be negative. Treating these topics at an introductory to intermediate level, Fast Light, Slow Light and Left-Handed Light focuses on the basic theory and describes the significant experimental progress made during the past decade. The book pays considerable attention to the fact that superluminal group velocities are not in conflict with special relativity and to the role of quantum effects in preventing superluminal communication and violations of Einstein causality. It also explores some of the basic physics at the opposite extreme of very slow group velocities as well as stopped and regenerated light, including the concepts of electromagnetically induced transparency and dark-state polaritons. Another very active aspect of the subject discussed concerns the possibility of designing metamaterials in which the refractive index can be negative and propagating light is left-handed in the sense that the phase and group velocities are in opposite directions. The last two chapters are an introduction to some of the basic theory and consequences of negative refractive index, with emphasis on the seminal work carried out since 2000. The possibility that "perfect" lenses can be made from negative-index metamaterials-which has been perhaps the most controversial aspect of the field-is introduced and discussed in some detail.
The propagation of light in dispersive media is a subject of fundamental as well as practical importance. In recent years attention has focused in particular on how refractive index can vary with frequency in such a way that the group velocities of optical pulses can be much greater or much smaller than the speed of light in vacuum, or in which the refractive index can be negative. Treating these topics at an introductory to intermediate level, Fast Light, Slow Light and Left-Handed Light focuses on the basic theory and describes the significant experimental progress made during the past decade. The book pays considerable attention to the fact that superluminal group velocities are not in conflict with special relativity and to the role of quantum effects in preventing superluminal communication and violations of Einstein causality. It also explores some of the basic physics at the opposite extreme of very slow group velocities as well as stopped and regenerated light, including the concepts of electromagnetically induced transparency and dark-state polaritons. Another very active aspect of the subject discussed concerns the possibility of designing metamaterials in which the refractive index can be negative and propagating light is left-handed in the sense that the phase and group velocities are in opposite directions. The last two chapters are an introduction to some of the basic theory and consequences of negative refractive index, with emphasis on the seminal work carried out since 2000. The possibility that "perfect" lenses can be made from negative-index metamaterials-which has been perhaps the most controversial aspect of the field-is introduced and discussed in some detail.
Slow light technique has significant potential applications in many contemporary photonic device developments for integrated all-optical circuit, such as buffers, regenerators, switches and interferometers. In this paper, we present an efficient coupling mechanism of an electromagnetically induced transparency like (EIT-like) effect in an all-dielectric nano-metamaterial. This EIT-like effect is generated by destructive interference between a radiative Fabry-Perot (FP) mode and a dark waveguide (WG) mode, which is based on a combined structure of a dielectric grating and multilayer films. The dark WG mode is excited by guided mode of dielectric grating instead of radiative FP mode. In analogy to the molecular transition process, the FP mode, guided mode and WG mode are denoted by excited states of |1〉, |2〉 and |3〉. The two coupling pathways of the EIT-like effect in our metamaterial are |0〉 → |1〉 and |0〉 → |2〉 → |3〉 → |1〉, where |0〉 is the ground state. The simulated resonant wavelength of WG mode is consistent with theoretical result. We further confirm this EIT-like effect through a two-oscillator coupling analysis. We achieve a group refractive index of 913.6 by adjusting these two modes coupling of the EIT-like effect, which is useful for developing slow light device. This work provides a valuable solution to realize electromagnetically induced transparency in all-dielectric nanomaterial.
Slow light with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in the core of cylindrical waveguide (CW) for an optical fiber system containing three-level atoms is investigated. The CW modes are treated in the weakly guiding approximation which renders the analysis into manageable form. The transparency window and permittivity profile of the waveguide due to the strong pump field in the EIT scheme is calculated. For a specific permittivity profile of the waveguide due to EIT, the propagation constant of the weak signal field and spatial shape of fundamental guided mode are calculated by solving the vector wave equation using the finite difference method. It is found that the transparency window and slow light field can be controlled via the CW parameters. The reduced group velocity of slow light in this configuration is useful for many technological applications such as optical memories, effective control of single photon fields, optical buffer and delay line.
The tunable wideband slow-light based on plasmonic analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in bright-dark-dark mode waveguide systems is investigated in this letter. A three-oscillator model is established to characterize optical responses and slow-light effects in the waveguide systems. The main dependent factors of slow-light effects based on plasmonic analogue of EIT, namely, the cavity-cavity separation and media environment of resonators, are numerically and theoretically discussed in this letter. We find that both the group index and the bandwidth of the slow light in the bright-dark-dark waveguide structures show better performance than those in the normal bright-dark ones. These results suggest that the contradiction between the large group index and the wideband slow light in the bright-dark mode waveguide system can be weakened. At the same time, tunable wideband slow-light effects are also achieved. Our researches may have an application in optical slow-light devices.