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Optics Communications

Higher-order coherence functions of phase states

Ravinder Nath, Pradumn Kumar

Published Apr 1, 1990• 5 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/0030-4018(90)90555-8

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Higher (2nd)-order Wigner distribution function in quantum phase space for entangled bi-modal coherent states, a representative of higher (2nd)-order optical-polarization, is introduced by generalizing kernel (transiting) operator in Cahill-Glauber C(s)-correspondence rule. The nature is analyzed which reveals the occurrence of oscillating three peaks: 'two' for individual bi-modes and third for interference between modes. Also, the graphics of 2nd-order polarization-Wigner distribution function, incisively, demonstrates that it is of non-Gaussian nature attaining non-negative values in quantum phase space.
We reveal a sharp form of complementarity in the \emph{Janus state}—a coherent superposition of two squeezed vacua. Using a compact generating-function formalism, we derive closed-form expressions for g(k)g^{(k)}g(k) at all orders and introduce \emph{squeezing polynomials} Pk(z)P_k(z)Pk​(z) that factorize the moments and expose phase-dependent scaling. The Janus state operates as a phase-tunable quantum switch for multi-photon correlations: when which-path/which-state information is available (trivial interference), the higher-order coherences g(k)g^{(k)}g(k) reproduce the single-squeezed limit and diverge; when path information is erased and genuine interference from coherent superposition is enabled, multi-photon events are extinguished, driving g(k) ⁣→ ⁣0g^{(k)}\!\to\!0g(k)→0 for all k ⁣≥ ⁣3k\!\ge\!3k≥3. We obtain a hierarchy of suppression with exponents set by the interference phase and the parity of kkk, and we visualize the mechanism via pronounced Wigner-function negativity. The framework is general and experimentally accessible, enabling engineered nonclassical light with tailored higher-order statistics.