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Physical Review A

Experimental test of Selleri’s variable photodetection-probability model

Augusto Garuccio, J. R. Torgerson, Carlos Henrique Monken, David A. Branning, L. Mandeļ

Published May 1, 1996• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Selleri's model of photodetection based on variable detection probability is analyzed. The results of an experiment that discriminates between the predictions of Selleri's model and quantum mechanics are presented [Bell's Theorem and the Foundations of Modern Physics, edited by A. van der Merwe, F. Selleri, and G. Tarozzi (World Scientific, Singapore, 1992); in Wave-Particle Duality, edited by F. Selleri (Plenum, New York, 1992)]. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.53.2944

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Selleri's model of photodetection based on variable detection probability is analyzed. The results of an experiment that discriminates between the predictions of Selleri's model and quantum mechanics are presented [Bell's Theorem and the Foundations of Modern Physics, edited by A. van der Merwe, F. Selleri, and G. Tarozzi (World Scientific, Singapore, 1992); in Wave-Particle Duality, edited by F. Selleri (Plenum, New York, 1992)]. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
An experiment has been carried out to test a prediction of the deBroglie guided wave theory for photons. According to this theory, there exist electromagnetic waves as well as photons, with the former acting as guide for the latter. The wave not only determines the probability for the detection of a photon, but it also has an independent physical reality which can result in photodetection, As a result the guided wave theory predicts an interference effect when two photons pass through an interferometer with a particular geometry and one measures the rate of simultaneous detections by two photodetectors in coincidence as a function of optical path difference, By contrast, quantum mechanics predicts no interference under the same conditions. The experimental results clearly violate the prediction of the guided wave theory, but are in agreement with quantum mechanics.
Quantum mechanics makes surprising predictions that defy our classical understanding of the world.Experiments done on entangled particles-particles with linked properties-prove that actions on one particle can affect the other one no matter the distance.In response, physicists came up with local hidden variable theories in an attempt to understand this quantum phenomena through a classical lens.John Bell formulated a way to test whether nature is dictated by local hidden variable theories or quantum mechanics, and since then it has been the goal of numerous physicists to experimentally test the theorem and improve upon the results.This paper describes the history of these experiments, their pros and cons, their advancements, and the potential applications that they will enable.
Bell's inequalities(1964) provides a quantitative criterion to test the local hidden variable theory(LHVT) versus quantum mechanics(QM).For the first time,it leads to the possibility to experimentally distinguish LHVT and QM.So far,there have been tens of experiments ever since the first experiment by Clauser et al(1972).An overwhelming majority of these experiments are in good agreement with the predictions of QM yet violate those of LHVT.Some loopholes in these experiments are discussed in Section I,followed by a respective summary to 12 experiments between 1972 to 1982 and 31 experiments from 1985 and on in Sections II and III.It is finally pointed out that so far there is not a single experiment to close both the locality loophole and the detection loophole at the same time,but the experimental outcomes are irreversible.Accordingly,theoretical physicists must admit that the present physics foundation is broken,i.e.quantum mechanics is contradiction with special relativity.
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Bell's theorem supposedly demonstrates an irreconcilable conflict between quantum mechanics and local, realistic hidden variable theories. In this paper we show that all experiments that aim to prove Bell's theorem do not actually achieve this goal. Our conclusions are based on a straightforward statistical analysis of the outcomes of these experiments. The key tool in our study is probability theory and, in particular, the concept of sample space for the dichotomic random variables that quantifies the outcomes of such experiments. We also show that an experimental proof of Bell's theorem is not, in principle, impossible, but it would require a completely different experimental apparatus than those commonly used to allegedly achieve this objective. The main consequence of our work is that we cannot dismiss local realistic hidden variable theories on the basis of currently available experimental data.