A single spin-wave quantum (magnon) is transferred phase-coherently between two atomic ensembles via a dark state of an optical resonator. Partial transfer results in an entangled state, with the magnon shared between the two ensembles.
We describe the mapping of quantum states between single photons and an atomic ensemble. In particular, we demonstrate a heralded quantum memory based on the mapping of a photon polarization state onto a single collective-spin excitation (magnon) shared between two atomic ensembles. The polarization fidelity above 90(2)% for any input polarization far exceeds the classical limit of \frac{2}{3} . The process also constitutes a quantum non-destructive probe that detects and regenerates a photon without measuring its polarization.
Quantum teleportation and quantum memory are two crucial elements for large-scale quantum networks. With the help of prior distributed entanglement as a "quantum channel," quantum teleportation provides an intriguing means to faithfully transfer quantum states among distant locations without actual transmission of the physical carriers [Bennett CH, et al. (1993) Phys Rev Lett 70(13):1895-1899]. Quantum memory enables controlled storage and retrieval of fast-flying photonic quantum bits with stationary matter systems, which is essential to achieve the scalability required for large-scale quantum networks. Combining these two capabilities, here we realize quantum teleportation between two remote atomic-ensemble quantum memory nodes, each composed of ∼10(8) rubidium atoms and connected by a 150-m optical fiber. The spin wave state of one atomic ensemble is mapped to a propagating photon and subjected to Bell state measurements with another single photon that is entangled with the spin wave state of the other ensemble. Two-photon detection events herald the success of teleportation with an average fidelity of 88(7)%. Besides its fundamental interest as a teleportation between two remote macroscopic objects, our technique may be useful for quantum information transfer between different nodes in quantum networks and distributed quantum computing.
We demonstrate a heralded quantum memory where a photon announces the mapping of a light polarization state onto a single collective-spin excitation (magnon) shared between two atomic ensembles. The magnon can be converted at a later time into a single polarized photon with polarization fidelity over 90(2)% for all fiducial input states, well above the classical limit of 2/3. The process can be viewed as a nondestructive quantum probe where a photon is detected, stored, and regenerated without touching its-potentially undetermined-polarization.