Optimal conditions for transformation of the waveform of single photons generated via cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric down-conversion by means of optical quantum storage, in which an extended resonant medium in a tunable cavity is used as information carrier, are determined.
Photons as flying qubits are ideal carriers of quantum information. However, efficient quantum interfaces which transfer flying into stationary qubits and vice versa are needed to realize complex quantum networks. Stationary qubit systems (atoms, ions, or solid state implementations) couple to photons via characteristic optical transitions. In order to establish key quantum operations, such as coherent photon storage, entanglement swapping, etc., high-quality photons with a tailored spectral, spatial, and temporal mode are needed. One way to generate these photons is to use the stationary qubit systems themselves. Another approach which does not impose limitations in terms of the photon’s wavelength or bandwidth relies on all-optical single photon sources. An example is spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) inside an optical cavity with well-defined linewidth. In SPDC, a pump photon incident on a nonlinear medium is split into two photons of lower energy that are often referred to as signal and idler. Resonating the fluorescent fields, the setup becomes an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) far below the threshold. The usually THz broad emission spectrum of SPDC then follows the Airy function of the resonator. The spectral bandwidth of the generated photons can easily reach values of several MHz, which is comparable to atom resonance linewidths. By introducing additional losses or simply changing the cavity mirror reflectivities the bandwidth is tunable up to several 100 MHz. This is comparable to the bandwidth of single photons generated by e.g. quantum dots.
A number of optical technologies remain to be developed and optimized for various applications in quantum information processing, especially quantum communication. We will give an overview of our approach to some of these, including periodic heralded single-photon sources based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion, ultrabright sources of tunable entangled photons, near unit efficiency single- and multi-photon detectors based on an atomic vapor interaction, quantum state transducers based on high efficiency frequency up-conversion, and low-loss optical quantum memories.
A method of writing and reading single-photon states of light in quantum memory devices whose information carriers are optically thin resonant media placed in a cavity is developed. It is shown that, using a tunable cavity, it is possible to write and reproduce Gaussian single-photon wave packets with an efficiency close to unity. The possibility of using this method for the transformation of the time shape of single photons generated in the cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric down conversion regime is analyzed.