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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Living systems as coherent anharmonic oscillators

Marcin Molski

Published Dec 13, 2011• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

A model of living systems considered as coherent, time-dependent anharmonic oscillators is presented. It is based on the concept of space-like coherent states minimizing the time-energy uncertainty relation, adapted to the case of biological systems whose growth is described by the Gompertz or West-Brown-Enquist functions. The coherent states of biological growth evolve coherently in space being localized along the classical time trajectory; hence, the growth is predicted to be coherent in space. It is proven that the Gompertz function is a special solution of the space-like Horodecki-Feinberg equation for the time-dependent Morse oscillator in the dissociation state. Its eigenvalue represents the momentum of biological growth, associated with a space-like component whose properties resemble those attributed by vitalists to the life momentum or vital impulse. The physical characteristics of the life energy and momentum and their connection with the concept of zero-point momentum of vacuum are presented.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/329/1/012010

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A model of living systems considered as coherent, time-dependent anharmonic oscillators is presented. It is based on the concept of space-like coherent states minimizing the time-energy uncertainty relation, adapted to the case of biological systems whose growth is described by the Gompertz or West-Brown-Enquist functions. The coherent states of biological growth evolve coherently in space being localized along the classical time trajectory; hence, the growth is predicted to be coherent in space. It is proven that the Gompertz function is a special solution of the space-like Horodecki-Feinberg equation for the time-dependent Morse oscillator in the dissociation state. Its eigenvalue represents the momentum of biological growth, associated with a space-like component whose properties resemble those attributed by vitalists to the life momentum or vital impulse. The physical characteristics of the life energy and momentum and their connection with the concept of zero-point momentum of vacuum are presented.
The origin of the Gompertz function G(t)=G(0)e(b/a(1-e(-at))) widely applied to fit the biological and medical data, particularly growth of organisms, organs, and tumors is analyzed. It is shown that this function is a solution of a time-dependent counterpart of the Schrödinger equation for the Morse oscillator with anharmonicity constant equal to 1. The coherent states of the Gompertzian systems, which minimize the time-energy uncertainty relation, have been found. These are eigenstates of the annihilation operator identified with the operator of growth, whereas eigenstates of the creation operator represent the Gompertzian states of regression. The coherent formation of the specific growth patterns in the Gompertzian systems appears as a result of the nonlocal long-range cooperation between the microlevel (the individual cell) and the macrolevel (the system as a whole).
Unique set of coherent states for the anharmonic oscillator is obtained by requiring i. under the quantum mechanical time evolution a coherent state evolves into another, governed by trajectory in the classical phase space (of a related hamiltonian); ii. the resolution of identity involves exactly the classical phase space measure.The rules are invariant under unitary transformations of the quantum theory and canonical transformations of the classical theory. The states are almost, but not quite, minimal uncertainty wave packets. The construction can be generalized to quantum versions of integrable classical theories.
The phenomenological universalities (PU) are extended to include time-depended quantum oscillatory phenomena, coherence and supersymmetry. It will be proved that this approach generates minimum uncertainty coherent states of time-dependent oscillators, which in the dissociation (classical) limit reduce to the functions describing growth (regression) of the systems evolving over time. The results obtained reveal existence of a new class of macroscopic quantum (or quasi-quantum) phenomena, which may play a vital role in coherent formation of the specific growth patterns in complex systems.
The generalization of the concept of coherent states for a Morse potential based on the real or complex displacements of the equilibrium position of the ground-state wave function yields a natural framework for their generation via Franck-Condon transitions. We study the relevance of including continuum states in the proper treatment of these displaced states, particularly for the description of their time evolution. It is shown that displaced Morse states may exhibit mathematical and physical temporal stability manifested through the presence of revivals in spite of the unbound character of the included continuum states. The Wigner function of these states is presented as well as relations to previous constructions. The time evolution of particular phase space properties such as mean values of position and momentum as well as their uncertainties are also analyzed.
The dynamics of an initially excital Gaussian wave packet (harmonic oscillator coherent state, HOCS) in a general one-dimensional anharmonic system is studied analytically with the aid of a second quantization formalism for times shorter than a classical oscillation period. The initial state population probability PQ(t), its classical counterpart PC(t), and the overlap probability PQC(t) between a time evolved wave packet and a classically moving Gaussian with stationary shape are calculated in order to analyze the spreading of the wave packet. It was found that, in general, PQ(t) and PC(t) agree very well if the potential energy function has no strongly changing low order derivatives. This agreement is held even if the wave packet spreads drastically within the time scale considered as can be demonstrated by analyzing PQC(t). The analytical expressions for PQ(t), PC(t), and PQC(t) are applied to a dissociative third-order oscillator and a strongly anharmonic fourth-order oscillator. While for a harmonic system, the initial decay time of PQ(t) and PC(t) (which are identical in this case) are only dependent on the energy expectation value 〈H〉 with respect to the initial HOCS, differences up to an order of magnitude occur for HOCS with the same energy in the model systems.
In this study, we discuss the harmonic oscillator with the time-dependent frequency, ω(t), and the mass, M(t), by generalizing the holomorphic coordinates for the harmonic oscillator. In general cases, we solve the Schrödinger equation by reducing it into the Riccati equation and discuss the uncertainties for the quasi-coherent states of the time-dependent harmonic oscillator. In special cases, we find the following results: First, for a time-dependent harmonic oscillator, if [ω(t)M(t)] is constant, then the coherent states will evolve as the coherent states. Second, for the driven harmonic oscillator, the coherent states will evolve as the coherent states with new eigenvalues. Third, we derive quasi-coherent states for the Caldirola–Kanai Hamiltonian and show that the product of uncertainties, ΔxΔp, is larger than minimum value; however, it is constant. We also discuss the classical equations of motion for the system.