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Journal of Physics D Applied Physics

Dynamics of a detuned, optically pumped far-infrared laser

Jaume Pujol, Ferran Laguarta, R. Corbalán, Ramon A. Vilaseca

Published Oct 14, 1988• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The dynamic behaviour of a coherently pumped single-mode far-infrared ring laser with a homogeneously broadened three-level medium is analysed theoretically, considering detuning between amplifying transition and cavity frequencies. Phase diagrams as a function of cavity detuning and amplitude of the resonant pump field have been obtained, which show different domains of stationary, oscillatory and chaotic output. In some conditions the laser is shown to exhibit hysteresis between different regular self-pulsing regimes, i.e. the phenomenon of generalised bistability.

DOI
10.1088/0022-3727/21/10s/052

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The dynamic behaviour of a coherently pumped single-mode far-infrared ring laser with a homogeneously broadened three-level medium is analysed theoretically, considering detuning between amplifying transition and cavity frequencies. Phase diagrams as a function of cavity detuning and amplitude of the resonant pump field have been obtained, which show different domains of stationary, oscillatory and chaotic output. In some conditions the laser is shown to exhibit hysteresis between different regular self-pulsing regimes, i.e. the phenomenon of generalised bistability.
The influence of light polarization on the dynamics of an optically pumped single-mode laser with a homogeneously broadened four-level medium is theoretically investigated in detail. Pump and laser fields with either parallel or crossed linear polarizations are considered, as are typical in far-infrared-laser experiments. Numerical simulations reveal dramatically different dynamic behaviors for these two polarization configurations. The analysis of the model equations allows us to find the physical origin of both behaviors. In particular, the crossed-polarization configuration is shown to be effective in decoupling the pump and laser fields, thus allowing for the appearance of Lorenz-type dynamics.
We study the dynamic behaviour of a coherently pumped single-mode unidirectional ring laser with an active medium of Doppler broadened three-level atoms. Our formulation is based on a set of 9N+1 real equations of the plane-wave mean-field Maxwell-Bloch type (N is the number of velocity groups of molecules considered). This model predicts, for a parameter range of the type explored in the experiments by Weiss and Brock (Phys. Rev. Lett. 57 (1986) 2804), a behaviour that reproduces most of their main experimental features. These include the instability pump threshold and the sequence of instabilities ocurring on resonator tuning and on increasing pump strength.
The dynamic behavior of a coherently pumped single-mode unidirectional ring laser with a homogeneously broadened three-level active medium is studied. Our formulation is based on a set often real equations of the plane-wave, mean-field Maxwell–Bloch type. The instability domain in the main control parameters space is determined. Our numerical study of these equations for a parameter range of the type explored in the recent experiments by Weiss Brock [ Phys. Rev. Lett.57, 2804 ( 1986)] reveals some similarities, but striking differences between our theoretical predictions and their experimental observations are also noted.
Homogeneously broadened lasers are considered as intrinsically single mode monostable devices [1] where intensity and frequency are defined by the cavity mode that lies nearest to the center of the atomic line. Here we show theoretically and experimentally that this heuristic picture falls when the interaction between different cavity modes becomes relevant. In fact, for sufficiently high detuning between cavity and atomic resonance frequencies (δAC), self pulsing of the laser arise from the simultaneous operation in two modes (phase instability) even if it is operating near threshold (C ⪯ 1) and in the so-called good cavity limit (k ≪ γ⊥, γ‖). Using parameter values which are typical of many solid state and molecular gas lasers (γ‖, k ≪ γ⊥), the theory predicts a bistable behavior in both the output intensity and frequency, as δAC is varied (Fig. 1). These theoretical results have been confirmed by experiments carried out on a CO2 laser where the distance between modes was controlled by changing the losses inside the cavity and the detuning δAC was varied by a fine tuning of the distance between mirrors. The output intensity versus δAC is shown in Fig. 2 for two different values of losses and gas pressure. Direct comparison between Fig. 2b) and Fig. 1 shows a good qualitative agreement. Measurements of the transients during the jump of Fig.2b) confirmed the mode-mode competition interpretation.
This paper presents new results for the steady states of a detuned ring laser with a saturable absorber. We employ a semiclassical model which assumes homogeneously broadened two-level atoms. We proceed by solving the Maxwell-Bloch equations for the longitudinal dependence of the steady states of this system, and then simplify our solution by use of the uniform-field approximation. We present uniform-field results for squared electric field versus operating frequency, and for each of these versus cavity tuning and laser excitation. Various cavity linewidths and both resonant and nonresonant amplifier and absorber line-center frequencies are considered. The most notable finding is that cavity detuning breaks the degeneracies found in the steady-state solutions of the fully tuned case. This leads to the prediction that an actual system will bifurcate from the zero-intensity solution to a steady-state solution as laser excitation increases from zero, rather than to the small-amplitude pulsations found for the model with exactly resonant tuning of the cavity and the media line centers. Other phenomena suggested by the steady-state results include tuning-dependent hysteresis and bistability, and instability in both intensity and frequency due to the appearance of one or more new steady-state solutions as tuning is varied. These effects of detuning are being tested by a linearized stability analysis whose results will be reported separately.