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NeuroQuantology

A Natural Quantum Neural-Like Network

Mitja Peruš, Horst Bischof, Tarik Hadzibeganovic

Published Sep 7, 2007• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A neural-net-like quantum information dynamics is presented. The model is based on Hopfield’s and holographic neural nets which were successfully simulated on conventional computers. An analogous natural, i.e. relatively non-artificial, quantum information processing system is developed in this article. Neuro-quantum interaction can regulate the ”collapse”-readout of quantum computation results. This paper is a comprehensive introduction into associative processing and memory-storage in quantum-physical framework.

DOI
10.14704/nq.2005.3.3.69

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A neural-net-like quantum information dynamics is presented. The model is based on Hopfield’s and holographic neural nets which were successfully simulated on conventional computers. An analogous natural, i.e. relatively non-artificial, quantum information processing system is developed in this article. Neuro-quantum interaction can regulate the ”collapse”-readout of quantum computation results. This paper is a comprehensive introduction into associative processing and memory-storage in quantum-physical framework.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) has drawn significant inspiration from neuroscience to develop artificial neural network (ANN) models. However, these models remain constrained by the Von Neumann architecture and struggle to capture the complexity of the biological brain. Quantum computing, with its foundational principles of superposition, entanglement, and unitary evolution, offers a promising alternative approach to modeling neural dynamics. This paper explores the possibility of a neuro-quantum model of the brain by introducing a stochastic quantum approach that incorporates random fluctuations of neuronal processing within a quantum framework. We propose a mathematical formalization of stochastic quantum neural networks (QNNS), where qubits evolve according to stochastic differential equations inspired by biological neuronal processes. We also discuss challenges related to decoherence, qubit stability, and implications for AI and computational neuroscience.
Even the most sophisticated artificial neural networks are built by aggregating substantially identical units called neurons. A neuron receives multiple signals, internally combines them, and applies a non-linear function to the resulting weighted sum. Several attempts to generalize neurons to the quantum regime have been proposed, but all proposals collided with the difficulty of implementing non-linear activation functions, which is essential for classical neurons, due to the linear nature of quantum mechanics. Here we propose a solution to this roadblock in the form of a small quantum circuit that naturally simulates neurons with threshold activation. Our quantum circuit defines a building block, the "quantum neuron", that can reproduce a variety of classical neural network constructions while maintaining the ability to process superpositions of inputs and preserve quantum coherence and entanglement. In the construction of feedforward networks of quantum neurons, we provide numerical evidence that the network not only can learn a function when trained with superposition of inputs and the corresponding output, but that this training suffices to learn the function on all individual inputs separately. When arranged to mimic Hopfield networks, quantum neural networks exhibit properties of associative memory. Patterns are encoded using the simple Hebbian rule for the weights and we demonstrate attractor dynamics from corrupted inputs. Finally, the fact that our quantum model closely captures (traditional) neural network dynamics implies that the vast body of literature and results on neural networks becomes directly relevant in the context of quantum machine learning.