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Frontiers in Optics

Observation of Three-photon and One-Photon Interference in A Double EIT System

Hoonsoo Kang, Gessler Hernandez, Jiepeng Zhang, Yifu Zhu

Published Jan 1, 2005• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report an observation of destructive interference between three-photon and one- photon excitations in a four-level atomic system, which leads to electromagnetically induced transparency and slow group velocities simultaneously for two probe fields.
DOI
10.1364/ls.2005.lwe5

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We show that in a two-mode, three-level, double-$\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ system an efficient multiphoton destructive interference involving one- and three-photon pumping pathways occurs, leading to a unique type of induced transparency. Unlike the conventional electromagnetically induced transparency achieved with a three-state $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ system, the induced transparency is critically dependent upon two distinctive relaxation processes involving the production and propagation of an internally generated field. When a two-mode probe field is injected under suitable conditions, we show that the two probe pulses, after a characteristic propagation distance, evolve into a pair of temporal, amplitude, and group velocity matched pulse, traveling loss free in a highly dispersive medium.
Atomic coherence and interference manifested by electromagentically induced transparency (EIT) and coherent population trapping (CPT) plays an important role in the current studies of atom-photon interactions and has found numerous applications in optical physics. EIT is created in a three-level atomic system by a coupling field and results in destructive interference between two excitation paths of a weak probe laser interacting with the atomic medium. This leads to suppressed linear absorption and rapidly varying atomic dispersion for the probe laser near the atomic resonance, which provides the platform for a variety of applications such as nonlinear optics at low light levels, slow light manipulation, and quantum state engineering for photons and atoms. Here we extend the simple three-level EIT system to more complicated and versatile configurations in a multi-level atomic system coupled by multiple laser fields. We show that with multiple excitation paths provided by different laser fields, phase-dependent quantum interference is induced: either constructive or destructive interference can be realized by varying the relative phases among the laser fields. Two specific examples are discussed. One is a three-level system coupled by bichromatic coupling and probe fields, in which the phase dependent interference between the resonant two-photon Raman transitions can be initiated and controlled. Another is a four-level system coupled by two coupling fields and two probe fields, in which a double-EIT configuration is created by the phase-dependent interference between three-photon and one-photon excitation processes. We analyze the coherently coupled multi-level atomic system and discuss the control parameters for the onset of constructive or destructive quantum interference. We describe two experiments performed with cold Rb atoms that can be approximately treated as the coherently coupled three-level and four-level atomic systems respectively. The experimental results show the phase-dependent quantum coherence and interference in the multi-level Rb atomic system, and agree with the theoretical calculations based on the coherently coupled three-level or four-level model system.
Electromagnetically induced transparency may lead to suppression of two-photon absorption in a four-level atomic system. This phenomenon is manifested by destructive quantum interference among multiple excitation paths created by a coherent coupling field. We report an experimental observation of such suppression of two-photon absorption in cold 87Rb{}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms.
Summary form only given. It has been shown that two-photon absorption can be controlled by quantum interference in the multiple excitation paths created by a coupling field. Recently, Harris and Yamamoto (1998) described a four-level system that utilizes electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) to switch on and off the two-photon excitation. Because the cancellation of the one-photon excitation, the enhanced two-photon excitation may be observable under very low light intensities. We have carried out an experimental study of two-photon excitation via quantum interference in multi-level Rb atomic systems based on the D/sub 1/ and D/sub 2/ transitions. The Rb systems can be viewed as quasi-four level systems. The experiments were done in an /sup 87/Rb isotope vapor cell.
Summary form only given. Nonlinear optical properties of an atomic medium can be modified by coherence and quantum interference that utilizes electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Because of the vanishing linear absorption and large enhancement of nonlinearities in an EIT medium, nonlinear optics may be studied at low light levels. We report studies of light absorption and parametric amplification based on the EIT enhanced third-order nonlinearity in a four-level atomic system. We have observed the enhanced nonlinear absorption when two coupling lasers and one probe laser are present. We are in the process of preparing the experiments for the double EIT demonstration and observation of the efficient parametric amplification in the four-level system. Because the experimental system is essentially free of Doppler broadening, quantitative comparisons between the experimental measurements and the theoretical calculations can readily be achieved.