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Physica Scripta

Three-level atoms in a radiation field: population of atomic levels and atomic squeezing

M. Reboiro

Published Oct 1, 2008• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The transfer of spin between atoms and a radiation field is formulated in an algebraic model. The system is composed of three-levels atoms in interaction with a radiation field. The appearance of atomic squeezing when the photon sector of the initial state consists of a squeezed photon state is analysed. It is found that atomic squeezing depends not only on the initial state but also on the interaction couplings and the number of atoms of the system.

DOI
10.1088/0031-8949/78/04/045006

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The transfer of spin between atoms and a radiation field is formulated in an algebraic model. The system is composed of three-levels atoms in interaction with a radiation field. The appearance of atomic squeezing when the photon sector of the initial state consists of a squeezed photon state is analysed. It is found that atomic squeezing depends not only on the initial state but also on the interaction couplings and the number of atoms of the system.
This paper studied the atomic dipole amplitude squared squeezing in the system of a three level atom interacting with a single mode radiation vacuum field. Numerical method is adopted to discuss the influence of the relative value of atom field coupling constants and the atomic initial coherence on the squeezing effect. It is found that no squeezing is produced in the process of interaction if the atom is initially most excited or in its ground state. However, if the atom is initially in a coherent superposition state of the ground state and the most excited state, there will be dipole amplitude squared squeezing effect in the process of interaction; the squeezing degree depends on the phase factor relating to atomic initial coherence; when other conditions are fixed, the atom will produced optimum squeezing effect if the probability of atom initially in the most excited state is 1/4 and the probability of it initially in the ground state is 3/4. If none of the atom field coupling constants are zero, the quantities of squeezing vary periodically; the change period of the quantities of squeezing depends on the relative value of two atom field coupling constants.
The N-photon interaction of two two-level atoms with a single-mode quantized radiation field is studied. The general expression for the state vector of the atom–field system is presented with the probability amplitudes in analytic form. For the initial condition in which the atoms are both at their upper levels and the field is in a squeezed state, we study the time evolution of the atomic population inversions and that of the statistics of the field. We find that the ratio of the two coupling constants, the initial squeezing of the field, and N have significant effects on the features of the atoms and of the field.
Dynamics of a three-level atom interacting with one- and two-mode radiation fields is studied when the initial state of the field is a squeezed coherent state. All the three types of level configurations cascade; V and Lambda are considered. A model similar to the Jaynes-Cumming type developed by Yoo and Eberly1 is used. Various parameter ranges including the one in which the photon number distribution for the squeezed state exhibits oscillatory behavior2 are considered. Interesting revival structures are seen. Curves are presented to illustrate the behavior.
A method utilising the coherent state variables for the electromagnetic field and appropriate spin variables for two-level atomsis developed for obtaining the dynamical evolution of the field and the atoms separately. The case of a single radiation mode interacting with two two-level atoms is studied. The time evolution of the photon number, starting from n photons and both atoms at their higher levels, is given. Furthermore, when the initial state consists of n photons and one of the atoms in its excited state with the other in its ground state, the temporal development of the photon number, as well as the motion of each atom, are obtained. In the latter case it becomes apparent that energy exchange takes place among the atomic systems, while the field acts as a transfer agent.