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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Pulse propagation in atomic media in the triangular configuration

Jakub Korociński, Andrzej Raczyński, Jarosław Zaremba, S. Zielińska-Kaniasty

Published May 10, 2013• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Weak probe-pulse propagation is studied in a three-level atomic system irradiated by a strong control laser field and a strong microwave field in the closed-loop triangular (Δ) configuration. In addition to the direct absorption channel, a second channel is activated in which a probe photon’s absorption is replaced by its emission accompanied by an absorption of two control and two microwave photons. The pulse can be considered a superposition of two components, each of which experiences a separated effective susceptibility, exhibiting its absorption/gain windows. The evolution of the pulse spectrum in space and the pulse evolution in space–time are discussed. In particular it is shown that the number and positions of the spectrum peaks change and the pulse exhibits beats. In addition to the propagating field, a stationary light generated by the sample is also discussed.

DOI
10.1364/josab.30.001517

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Jakub Korociński, Andrzej Raczyński, Jarosław Zaremba +1 more

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Apr 30, 2011•0 citations
Weak probe-pulse propagation is studied in a three-level atomic system irradiated by a strong control laser field and a strong microwave field in the closed-loop triangular (Δ) configuration. In addition to the direct absorption channel, a second channel is activated in which a probe photon’s absorption is replaced by its emission accompanied by an absorption of two control and two microwave photons. The pulse can be considered a superposition of two components, each of which experiences a separated effective susceptibility, exhibiting its absorption/gain windows. The evolution of the pulse spectrum in space and the pulse evolution in space–time are discussed. In particular it is shown that the number and positions of the spectrum peaks change and the pulse exhibits beats. In addition to the propagating field, a stationary light generated by the sample is also discussed.
The subject of this work is the propagation of a weak probe pulse in an atomic medium in a three-level closed-loop configuration. An atomic system is irradiated with two strong control fields: optical and microwave. Two channels for the probe field are activated: (i) absorption of a probe photon and (ii) emission of a probe photon with the simultaneous absorption of two control and two microwave photons. We analyse in detail the pulse spectrum and its time–space evolution taking into account the generation of light by the atomic sample. In particular, we study interference effects due to the relative phase of the applied fields. In contrast to other papers, we do not make the assumption of net (three photon) resonance.
Simultaneous propagation of two probe pulses in a medium of four-level atoms irradiated by three control fields is studied. The double Λ configuration has been closed by a fifth field, coupling the lower levels. It is shown that the propagation can be described in terms of four modes characterized by particular effective susceptibilities, which have absorption or gain peaks and transparency windows. For incoming one-peak pulses, multipeak spectra are built during the propagation including a few components of well-defined frequencies. They evolve along the sample with some of their spectral components being transmitted, absorbed, or amplified.
We investigate the weak probe pulse propagation through the atomic medium, in the presence of the strong control laser field, under the regime of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). These fields couple to the medium by forming the 3-level ladder configuration. We focus on two distinct cases: closed system, which is a non-degenerate, and open system, where the middle level is 3-fold degenerate, and the additional levels are coupled to the other levels only via spontaneous emission. The spatio-temporal profile of the probe pulse envelope is obtained by using the formalism of Maxwell-Bloch equations with the help of the Fourier transform method. We study the influence of the control field Rabi frequency, the spectral half-width of the initial pulse and decay rates on the propagation of the probe pulse. Several important pulse parameters are also calculated and discussed. It is shown that the group velocity of light can be controlled in such a manner that one can switch from slow to fast light and vice versa when changing the control Rabi frequency and spectral pulse half-width. Moreover, the possibility of replacing the open with an effective closed system is also discussed.
This thesis deals with the study of propagation effects experienced by weak light pulses as they propagate in atomic media driven by strong pulses. We explore both the ultra-short and long pulse regime and investigate the phenomena that arise at these different time scales. In the short pulse regime, a strongly driven two level atomic system presents transient light shifts, and non-adiabatic transitions occur between these adiabatic levels. We have studied a method to probe these light shifts in real time by propagating a weak probe through the medium. The light shifts enrich the spectrum of the probe and the probe gets shaped as a result. In this way a strongly driven two-level system can act as an active pulse shaper, and can introduce oscillations in the temporal profile of an ultra-short pulse at a time scale shorter than the pulse duration. We also show that by driving the system with two time delayed non-resonant strong fields, the non-adiabatic effects can be rendered phase dependent. This gives very sensitive phase control of the excited state population and can be used to formulate new techniques in interferometry. In the long pulse regime we present a new method of slowing light that can be realized in a double two-level system interacting with two orthogonally polarized light pulses that propagate along different axis. Spatio-temporal dependence of the total polarization induces a grating in the ground Zeeman coherence. The stronger of the two fields (the control field) is diffracted from this grating into the direction of the weak probe field compensating for the absorption of this latter field. A transparency window is thus created in the absorption spectrum of the probe leading to the slowing down of light. The transparency window exhibits characteristics similar to the one obtained by EIT (electromagnetic induced transparency) method. However, the important difference between our method and the traditional EIT method, is that ours doesn't rely on realizing dark state in the system. This may open the possibility of slowing down light in more complex atomic media. Moreover, when the linear absorptive response of the medium is cancelled in this manner, the nonlinear response becomes more important. In the situation where fields propagate in the same direction and have same frequency, two regimes have been investigated. For small optical depths, the effective susceptibility behaves as chi_lin exp[2 i phi] (with phi the phase difference between two fields). This renders phase control of the medium response, and the medium can be changed from an absorber to an amplifier, with normal or anomalous dispersion, by adjusting the relative phase phi.  In the regime of large optical thickness, phase saturation takes place and the effective susceptibility turns into chi_lin*, changing an absorber into an amplifier without effecting the dispersive response (chi_lin is linear susceptibility).
A strong control field coupling two empty states of a lambda system makes the medium transparent for a probe pulse. This phenomenon known as electromagnetically induced transparency is here modified by switching a weak microwave field coupling two lower states of the system. As a response to the control and microwave fields, the medium itself acts as a source of an electromagnetic wave which interferes with the incoming pulse. The properties of the net pulse leaving the sample, in particular its magnitude and multipeak shape, will be analyzed in detail, depending on the model parameters.