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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Differential-phase-shift quantum key distribution experiment using a glass waveguide interferometer

Toshimori Honjo, Kyo Inoue, Hiroshi Takahashi

Published Jan 1, 2004• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A differential-phase-shift quantum key distribution experiment was carried out using a glass waveguide Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Key creation at the rate of 676bit/sec with a 5.0% QBER over 25km fiber was performed.
DOI
10.1364/iqec.2004.ituj1

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A differential-phase-shift quantum key distribution experiment was carried out with a planar light-wave circuit (PLC) Mach-Zehnder interferometer. This scheme has two advantages: it requires no polarization control and has a high repetition frequency, provided that a stable interferometer is available. Stable polarization-insensitive operation was achieved with an interferometer fabricated by PLC technology. Raw key creation at a rate of 3076 bits/s with a 5.0% quantum bit-error rate was achieved over 20 km of fiber. The stability of the PLC interferometer was examined.
In this letter, we demonstrate that a high key creation efficiency can be achieved in a stable differential phase shift quantum key distribution system by using three cascaded Mach–Zehnder interferometers. A pulse is split into four independent pulses, and the bit information is carried by one of the three phase differences between the sequential pulses. Any birefringence effects and polarization-dependent losses in the long-distance fiber are automatically compensated with a Faraday mirror. Due to the neatly use of three cascaded interferometers, the key creation efficiency reaches 3/4.
We report what we believe to be the first differential-phase quantum key distribution experiment using a series of quantum entangled photon pairs. We employed two outstanding techniques. As an entangled photon source, we used a 1.5 microm band entangled photon pair source based on spontaneous four-wave mixing in a cooled dispersion-shifted fiber. As receivers, photon pairs were actively phase modulated with LiNbO3 phase modulators followed by very stable planar light-wave circuit Mach-Zehnder interferometers, which provided two nonorthogonal measurements. As a consequence, we successfully generated sifted keys with a quantum bit error rate of 8.3% and a key generation rate of 0.3 bit/s and revealed the feasibility of this QKD scheme.
A novel type of quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol, called DPS (differential-phase-shift) QKD, was proposed several years ago. A sender transmits a highly-attenuated coherent pulse train with {0, π} phase, and a receiver receives it with a one-bit delay Mach-Zehnder interferometer followed by photon detectors. A secret key is created from photon detection events, whose security is based on the fact that an eavesdropper cannot perfectly measure the phase information of a highly-attenuated coherent pulse train. This protocol has some features of simple setup, potential for a high key creation rate, and robustness against photon-number-splitting attack. This paper overviews DPS-QKD. The operation mechanism is described, and then some experimental efforts are introduced, featuring use of a glass waveguide Mach-Zehnder interferometer and advanced single-photon detectors. The highest key rate and the longest distance have been achieved with the DPS-QKD protocol. Some modified schemes are also presented, including that utilizing quantum entanglement, that using decoy pulses, and that using macroscopic coherent light.
Differential phase shift quantum key distribution(DPSQKD) experiment based on weak coherent pulses have been performed in the laboratory. We encoded the bit information between the consecutive pulses. The bit information was decoded at Bob's side by Michelson-Faraday interferometer and single photon detector. This kind of quantum key distribution system can provide stable key distribution process, high efficiency of key creation, and high security key. So it is easily implemented in optical fibers using readily available optical telecommunication tools. We experimented DPSQKD over 76 km on fiber, the error rate of the sifted key is 5.3%. The quantum key distribution process is controlled by micro-computer based on ARM (advanced RISC(reduced instruction set computing) machines) processor.