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Journal of Low Temperature Physics

The hydrodynamics of rotating superfluids. II. Finite temperature, dissipative theory

Elaine A. Chandler, Gordon Baym

Published Jan 1, 1986• 48 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/bf00681323

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Journal of the Physical Society of Japan•May 18, 2016•1 citation
There are several situations in which the collective motion of a superfluid Fermi gas is coupled to quasiparticle excitations. Quasiparticle excitations are, for example, present at finite temperature, but also at zero temperature in the case of a rotating trap. In this paper, I present a semiclassical description of such systems, where the superfluid component is described by hydrodynamics while the normal component, formed by the quasiparticles, is described by a transport equation similar to the Vlasov equation. The coupling between the two components generates a strong damping of the collective modes. As applications of the semiclassical theory, the case of a rotating trap and several collective modes (quadrupole and scissors modes) of the trapped gas are discussed.
Abstract The growing demand to understand non-equilibrium dynamics in open quantum many-body systems—motivated by progress in quantum simulation and error correction—requires theoretical frameworks that avoid the exponential scaling of the full density matrix. In this work, we develop a first-principles approach to the dissipative hydrodynamical equations of a finite-temperature superfluid. We show that dominant external dissipation not only simplifies the description of intrinsic damping (Beliaev and Landau) but also stabilizes a hydrodynamic formulation. Starting from a density-matrix method aligned with the Zaremba–Nikuni–Griffin formalism, a closed set of dissipative quantum Liouville equations (DQLE) can be obtained. We then introduce a systematic hydrodynamic expansion beyond the conventional Wigner transform, yielding a closed set of dissipative hydrodynamic equations (DHE). Through detailed comparison with the full DQLE, we demonstrate that retaining only the zeroth-order term in the expansion of the anomalous density matrix offers the most accurate and stable DHE implementation, in close agreement with the DQLE under strong dissipation and weak interaction. Our results establish a stabilized hydrodynamic theory for dissipative quantum fluids and significantly reduce the computational complexity of modeling open many-body dynamics.
We study the sound modes of a Bose–Fermi mixture superfluid at finite temperatures in the collisional hydrodynamic regime. We extend Landau’s hydrodynamic theory to deal with a Bose–Fermi mixture superfluid and show the existence of three sound modes. We calculate the hydrodynamic sound velocities numerically using the Nozières and Schmitt-Rink theory at unitarity. The three-sound-modes hybrid in Bose–Fermi mixture superfluids contrasts with the two sound modes exhibited by 3He and 4He superfluids.