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Soviet Physics Uspekhi

Frequency multiplication in the 10 10 –10 13 Hz range with the aid of weak superconductive couplings

Nicolai G. Basov, É. M. Belenov, Сергей Иванович Веденеев, G. P. Motulevich, V V Nikitin

Published Aug 31, 1979• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1070/pu1979v022n08abeh005596

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Applied Physics Letters•Mar 1, 1967•57 citations
c c e s s f u l l y developed and t h e i r p r o p e r t i e s s t u d i e d .The SQUIDS u t i l i s e f l u x q u a n t i s a t i o n and t h e Josephson e f f e c t s i n a r i n g ( o r r i n g s ) c o n t a i n i n g a weak l i n k s e c t i o n .The r i n g s may b e e i t h e r p u r e l y superconducting (M-SQUID) o r p a r t i a l l y r e s i s t i v e (R-SQUID) .The M-SQUIDS a r e u s e f u l a s extremely s e n s i t i v e magnetometers f o r measuring d c and a c f l u x .Versions o f t h e M-SQUID which use p o i n t -c o n t a c t weak l i n k s have been found t o b e r a t h e r s e n s i t i v e t o v i b r a t i o n s and t h e i r prop e r t i e s t e n d t o degrade o v e r a p e r i o d o f months.T h i s h a s l e d t o t h e development of reasonably s t a b l e , rugged d e v i c e s employing weak l i n k s o f NbSeZ, a superconducting l a y e r s t r u c t u r e .The R-SQUIDS r e p o r t e d h e r e employ Nb-Nb p o i n t c o n t a c t s , and have been used a s t h e superconducting i n p u t f o r a s e n s i t i v e superheterodyne r e c e i v e r f o r f r e q u e n c i e s i n t h e range l o l o t o 1011 Hz. S e v e r a l of t h e s e d e v i c e s w e r e cons t r u c t e d and t e s t e d i n t h e frequency ranges ( 2 6 .5 -40) GHz and (67 -73) GHz.The d e v i c e response i s complicated by t h e e f f e c t s on t h e AC Josephson c u r r e n t of d i s t r i b u t e d c i r c u i t elements and a range of complex behaviour i s p r e s e n t e d which i s o n l y p a r t i a l l y understood.T h e l o g i c behind developing t h e l a t t e r d e t e c t o r h a s been t o s e a r c h f o r s t i m u l a t e d emission of energy gap r a d i a t i o n from superconducting t u n n e l j u n c t i o n s .The R-SQUID was t o b e used f o r frequency and l i n e w i d t h measurements of t h e expected energy gap r a d i a t i o n .Broad band s e n s i t i v i t y w a s provided by a helium cooled S i l i c o n bolometer.D e s p i t e e x t e n s i v e s t u d i e s u s i n g a l a r g e v a r i e t y of t u n n e l j u n c t i o n p a r a m e t e r s , t h e s e a r c h h a s t u r n e d o u t t o b e completely n e g a t i v e i n c o n t r a s t t o t h e measurements of o t h e r a u t h o r s .A thorough a n a l y s i s o f t h e e a r l i e r t h e o r y and experiments h a s l e d t o t h e c o n c l u s i o n t h a t a s t i m u l a t e d e m i s s i o n p r o c e s s i n superconductors i s r a t h e r u n l i k e l y , and e a r l i e r e x p e r iments have t o be i n t e r p r e t e d d i f f e r e n t l y .......................... 3.3 Detection Electronics 72 3.4 Flux Patterns and Sensitivity .................
An investigation is made of the possibility of using superconducting Josephson weak links (bridges or point contacts) for data transmission and reception in the frequency band ~1012 Hz in the far infrared region. It is shown that a signal current ~(10–2–10–3)Ic is induced in real superconducting point contacts (Ic is the critical superconducting current). Such a signal is considerably greater than the superconducting contact noise or spontaneous noise of the laser medium at the carrier frequency.
Voltage-biased superconducting weak contacts have been used as oscillating detectors to observe radio-frequency absorption spectra including the Co59 nuclear magnetic resonance in ferromagnetic cobalt. The detection is attributed to multiple quantum processes and differentiation of the dynamic I-V characteristics. Used as a spectrometer, the point contact is shown to be a continusously tunable ultra-low power oscillator-detector from 0 to 3 × 108 Hz. It is likely that the frequency limit could be extended to the superconducting gap frequency.