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Physics of Atomic Nuclei

Radial coherent states—From the harmonic oscillator to the hydrogen atom

Yaniv Gur, A. Mann

Published Oct 1, 2005• 19 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We construct spectrum generating algebras of SO (2, 1) ∼ SU (1, 1) in arbitrary dimension for the isotropic harmonic oscillator and the Sturm-Coulomb problem in radial coordinates. Using these algebras, we construct the associated radial Barut-Girardello coherent states for the isotropic harmonic oscillator (in arbitrary dimension). We map these states into the Sturm-Coulomb radial coherent states and show that they evolve in a fictitious time parameter without dispersing.

DOI
10.1134/1.2121919

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We construct spectrum generating algebras of SO (2, 1) ∼ SU (1, 1) in arbitrary dimension for the isotropic harmonic oscillator and the Sturm-Coulomb problem in radial coordinates. Using these algebras, we construct the associated radial Barut-Girardello coherent states for the isotropic harmonic oscillator (in arbitrary dimension). We map these states into the Sturm-Coulomb radial coherent states and show that they evolve in a fictitious time parameter without dispersing.
We formulate radial coherent states for the isotropic harmonic oscillator from the unitary irreducible representations associated with the radial spectrum-generating group Sp(2) which is locally isomorphic to SU(1,1) and SO(2,1). We further consider the time evolution of a coherent-state wave packet and show that, in contrast to the ordinary oscillator coherent states, this wave packet does change its shape (periodically) as it evolves. This change of shape may be interpreted in terms of a generalized squeezing.
We study the radial part of the Dunkl–Coulomb problem in two dimensions and show that this problem possesses the SU(1,[Formula: see text]1) symmetry. We introduce two different realizations of the su(1,[Formula: see text]1) Lie algebra and use the theory of irreducible representations to obtain the energy spectrum and eigenfunctions. For the first algebra realization, we apply the Schrödinger factorization to the radial part of the Dunkl–Coulomb problem to construct the algebra generators. In the second realization, we introduce three operators, one of them proportional to the Hamiltonian of the radial Schrödinger equation. Finally, we use the SU(1,[Formula: see text]1) Sturmian basis to construct the radial coherent states in a closed form.
Two new closely related boson realizations of the Heisenberg–Weyl algebra are derived that are directly equivalent to the introduction of spherical coordinates for the isotropic three-dimensional harmonic oscillator. This provides another way to obtain matrix elements of all physical operators connecting angular-momentum eigenstates, which are represented here by simple products of boson operators acting on the vacuum. Two of these bosons carry the angular-momentum quantum numbers while the third is a novel ‘‘radial boson.’’ In this approach, one begins by finding the nonunitary Dyson and then the unitarized Holstein–Primakoff realizations for the spectrum-generating SU(1,1)×SO(3) algebra of the oscillator. The corresponding mappings of the Heisenberg–Weyl generators are then obtained from their tensor properties under SU(1,1)×SO(3). The Dyson map of the Heisenberg–Weyl generators is not uniquely determined in this way, but the Holstein–Primakoff map is nevertheless unique. The possibility exists for generalization to isotropic oscillators of higher dimension, which are of interest in connection with nuclear collective motion.
The bound-state solutions and the su(1,1) description of the d-dimensional radial harmonic oscillator, the Morse, and the D-dimensional radial Coulomb Schrödinger equations are reviewed in a unified way using the point canonical transformation method. It is established that the spectrum generating su(1,1) algebra for the first problem is converted into a potential algebra for the remaining two. This analysis is then extended to Schrödinger equations containing some position-dependent mass. The deformed su(1,1) construction recently achieved for a d-dimensional radial harmonic oscillator is easily extended to the Morse and Coulomb potentials. In the last two cases, the equivalence between the resulting deformed su(1,1) potential algebra approach and a previous deformed shape invariance one generalizes to a position-dependent mass background a well-known relationship in the context of constant mass.
In this paper a set of generalized coherent states for the d-dimensional Coulomb problem in coordinate representation are constructed. A coordinate transformation in hyperspherical space is used that maps the d-dimensional Coulomb problem into the D-dimensional harmonic oscillator and the generalized coherent states for the d-dimensional Coulomb problem are then obtained. This exactly soluble model can provide an adequate means for a quantum coherency description of the Coulomb problem in arbitrary dimensions, specifically in the special case of the hydrogen atom, in many theoretical and applied related fields such as in coherent scattering.