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Physical Review Letters

Electromagnetically Induced Left Handedness in Optically Excited Four-Level Atomic Media

Quentin Thommen, Paul Mandel

Published Feb 6, 2006• 128 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We show that left-handed properties can be electromagnetically induced in a general four-level atomic medium for a finite spectral range. We use an electric (magnetic) atomic transition as an electric (magnetic) resonator to modify the permittivity (permeability), both at the same frequency. The implementation of the four-level model is carried out in atomic hydrogen and neon. In each case the existence of left-handed properties is predicted inside an experimentally reachable domain of parameters.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.96.053601

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We show that left-handed properties can be electromagnetically induced in a general four-level atomic medium for a finite spectral range. We use an electric (magnetic) atomic transition as an electric (magnetic) resonator to modify the permittivity (permeability), both at the same frequency. The implementation of the four-level model is carried out in atomic hydrogen and neon. In each case the existence of left-handed properties is predicted inside an experimentally reachable domain of parameters.
The system of inverted Y-type four-level atoms interacting with multi-mode light fields is discussed. Through the mechanism of quantum interference, the relative dielectric permittivity and the relative magnetic permeability will changed remarkably. Using appropriately chosen parameters, the real parts of both the relative dielectric permittivity and the relative magnetic permeability will be negative, and then the left handedness effect happens and the left-handed material is realized. The properties of left-handed materials such as the range of frequencies of the negative refractive index can be manipulated via changing certain parameters of the system.
The quantum system with an interaction between a closed Y-type four-level atom and multi-mode light fields is adopted to possess left handedness by means of the technique of quantum coherence. In the representation of interaction, the density matrix method is utilized in view of the rotating-wave approximation and the di-pole approximation.The conclusion of the numerical simulation shows that under the appropriate parameter conditions, the medium can achieve negative permittivity and negative permeability simultaneously (i.e. the left handedness effect happens and the left-handed material is realized.) In the condition of the weak probe field, when the Rabi frequency of probe light increases, the frequency range of the medium to achieve its left-handed effect decreases and the refractive index and absorption coefficient will also changed correspondingly. The medium to affect light absorption and gain in the conditions of the establishment of left -handed effect are also discussed. The paper can be concluded that, in the conditions of weak probe field, the electro-magnetic induction can be used to achieve the left-handed effect of the medium, which extends the implementation of left-handed materials in the experiment, and extends the application field of electro-magnetic induction.
We discuss how a three-level system can be used to change the frequency-dependent magnetic permeability of a dense atomic gas to be significantly different from 1. The results show that a negative permittivity and permeability simultaneously with transparent propagation of the electric part of the probe filed can be obtained. Moreover, the magnetic part of the probe field can be amplified instead of strong absorption as usual materials. Therefore, it may be possible to obtain left-handed electrodynamics for an atomic gas using three atomic levels.
Using matrix equation theory,the properties of the relative dielectric permittivity and the relative magnetic permeability are investigated in a lamda-type four-level atomic system.By the means of numerical method,the real parts of both relative dielectric permittivity and the relative magnetic permeability will be negative simultaneously under the condition of choosing appropriately parameters,so the left handedness effect is obtained.In a certain scope,by adjusting the intensity of Rabi frequencies of the coherent field in the steady state,the ranges of left handedness effect are changed correspondingly.Additionally,the properties of the negative refractive index are studied in detail.
The system of a ladder-type four-level atoms interacting with multi-mode light fields is discussed to possess left handedness through the mechanism of quantum interference.In the representation of interaction,the density matrix method is utilized.The conclusion of the numerical simulation shows that to use appropriately chosen parameters,the real parts of both the relative dielectric permittivity and the relative magnetic permeability will be negative,and then the left handedness effect happens and the left-handed material is realized.The medium to affect light absorption and gain in the conclusion of the establishment of left-handed effect are also discussed.The results show that in the condition of weak probe field,the electro-magnetic induction can be used to achieve the left-handed effect of the medium.
We propose a scheme of electromagnetically induced left-handedness in a dense atomic vapor medium. By applying an incoherent pump field to manipulate the populations in atomic levels, and a strong coherent field to create quantum coherence, the magnetic part of the probe field can be amplified instead of strong absorption as usual materials. The system has negative permittivity and permeability simultaneously with transparent propagation of the electric part of the probe field. It is shown that the pumping rate of incoherent field, the intensity and frequency detuning of the coherent field, exert effects on the properties of the negative refractive index of left-handed material.