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Optics Letters

Storage and long-distance distribution of telecommunications-band polarization entanglement generated in an optical fiber

Xiaoying Li, Paul L. Voss, Jun Chen, Jay E. Sharping, Prem Kumar

Published May 15, 2005• 28 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate storage of polarization-entangled photons for 125 micros, a record storage time to date, in a 25-km-long fiber spool, using a telecommunications-band fiber-based source of entanglement. With this source we also demonstrate distribution of polarization entanglement over 50 km by separating the two photons of an entangled pair and transmitting them individually over separate 25-km fibers. The measured two-photon fringe visibilities were 82% in the storage experiment and 86% in the distribution experiment. Preservation of polarization entanglement over such long-distance transmission demonstrates the viability of all-fiber sources for use in quantum memories and quantum logic gates.

DOI
10.1364/ol.30.001201

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We demonstrate storage of polarization-entangled photons for 125 micros, a record storage time to date, in a 25-km-long fiber spool, using a telecommunications-band fiber-based source of entanglement. With this source we also demonstrate distribution of polarization entanglement over 50 km by separating the two photons of an entangled pair and transmitting them individually over separate 25-km fibers. The measured two-photon fringe visibilities were 82% in the storage experiment and 86% in the distribution experiment. Preservation of polarization entanglement over such long-distance transmission demonstrates the viability of all-fiber sources for use in quantum memories and quantum logic gates.
We present a fiber based source of entangled photon-pairs in the 1550 nm telecom band that can be integrated into the existing fiber network and is well suited for quantum information processing. With this source we have demonstrated the generation, storage, and long-distance distribution of polarization entanglement in standard optical fiber. We have also investigated the origin of the large number of accidental coincidences in the experiments, which has been proved to be Raman scattering, and discussed how to suppress the Raman scattering to improve the quality of the fiber source.
We describe our recent experiment on the distribution of time-bin entangled photon pairs over 300 km of optical fiber, which set a record for long-distance distribution of quantum information.This experiment was achieved by using a high-speed and high signal-to-noise ratio entanglement generation/evaluation setup consisting of periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides and superconducting singlephoton detectors.We observed the violation of Bell's inequality and thus confirmed that the entangled photon pairs preserved the quantum correlation after they were separated by 300 km of fiber.
Distributing entanglement through standard telecommunication fiber is particularly important for quantum key distribution protocols with low vulnerability over metropolitan distances. However, entanglement distribution over long distance through optical fiber so far could only be accomplished with moderate photon pair rates. In this work, we present entanglement distribution over 50 km of standard telecommunication fiber with a pair rate of more than 10 000 ${\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ using a bright nondegenerate photon pair source. Signal and idler wavelengths of this source are optimized for low dispersion in optical fiber and high efficiency for single-photon avalanche diode detectors, respectively. The resulting modest hardware requirement and high rate of detected entangled photon pairs could significantly enhance practical entanglement-based quantum key distribution in existing metropolitan fiber networks.
Realization of long-distance quantum communication through the quantum repeater network requires a combination of some key elements, including a multiplexed quantum memory for storage of entanglement and a telecom photon for propagation of information through the fiber.Although impressive experimental advances have demonstrated the individual elements, combining these key capabilities together and realizing them in a single experimental system remains a significant challenge.Here, we report an experimental realization of long-distance entanglement between a multiplexed quantum memory with 49 individually accessible memory cells and a telecom photon after transmission in a 10-km optical fiber.Excitation of an atomic ensemble generates narrow-band polarization entanglement between a telecom photon of 1530-nm wavelength and another photon of 780-nm wavelength, which is then stored into a memory cell of a multiplexed atomic quantum memory and read out after a controllable delay.The entanglement is verified through quantum-state tomography after quantum storage in the atomic memory and fiber transmission of the telecom photon.This experiment demonstrates an important step towards realization of long-distance quantum communication networks.