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Physica Scripta

Generation of multi-mode nonclassical correlations of light

Kisik Kim

Published Nov 1, 2012• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We generate multi-mode nonclassical correlations in the output field from the single-mode nonclassicality in the input field with a unitary optical device. It is shown that, according to the invariance of nonclassicality, the decrement of the single-mode nonclassicality is compensated for by the appearance of multi-mode nonclassical correlations. We demonstrate a complete transfer of single-mode nonclassicality to a multi-mode nonclassical correlation for a 1 × 2 array of beam splitters, when chaotic lights are taken as auxiliary classical fields of the input.

DOI
10.1088/0031-8949/2012/t151/014063

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We generate multi-mode nonclassical correlations in the output field from the single-mode nonclassicality in the input field with a unitary optical device. It is shown that, according to the invariance of nonclassicality, the decrement of the single-mode nonclassicality is compensated for by the appearance of multi-mode nonclassical correlations. We demonstrate a complete transfer of single-mode nonclassicality to a multi-mode nonclassical correlation for a 1 × 2 array of beam splitters, when chaotic lights are taken as auxiliary classical fields of the input.
We consider a beam splitter as an optical device to generate a class of nonclassical states out of a nonclassical input state. On sending a nonclassical light toward one input port and the vacuum to the other, one can generally obtain the two output lights which are less nonclassical than the input state. We also consider the limit, in which the input intensity grows indefinitely and the trasmission coefficient vanishes such that their product becomes finite, to find various states of light lying between nonclassical and classical states.
The behavior of general nonclassical two-mode Gaussian states at a beam splitter is investigated. Single-mode nonclassicality as well as two-mode entanglement of both input and output states are analyzed suggesting their suitable quantifiers. These quantifiers are derived from local and global invariants of linear unitary two-mode transformations such that the sum of input (or output) local nonclassicality measures and entanglement measure gives a global invariant. This invariant quantifies the global nonclassicality resource. Mutual transformations of local nonclassicalities and entanglement induced by the beam splitter are analyzed considering incident noisy twin beams, single-mode noisy squeezed vacuum states, and states encompassing both squeezed states and twin beams. A rich tapestry of interesting nonclassical output states is predicted.
The second-order coherence of optical fields at output ports of a beam splitter is investigated. The properties of the second-order coherence are not only strongly dependent on the input states but also quite involved with the nature of the beam splitter. When parameters of both the input states and the beam splitter are chosen appropriately, the fields at the output ports will exhibit quantum behaviour. Between the two output modes, there stands mode–mode correlation which can even be anticorrelation. Some nonclassical properties, such as the photon antibunching effect of the input fields, may be destroyed by the beam splitter.
A beam splitter is a simple, readily available device which can act to entangle output optical fields. We show that a necessary condition for the fields at the output of the beam splitter to be entangled is that the pure input states exhibit nonclassical behavior. We generalize this proof for arbitrary (pure or impure) Gaussian input states. Specifically, nonclassicality of the input Gaussian fields is a necessary condition for entanglement of the field modes with the help of a beam splitter. We conjecture that this is a general property of beam splitters: Nonclassicality of the inputs is a necessary condition for entangling fields in a beam splitter.
Photon subtraction is useful to produce nonclassical states of light addressed to applications in photonic quantum technologies. After a very accelerated development, this technique makes possible obtaining either single photons or optical cats on demand. However, it lacks theoretical formulation enabling precise predictions for the produced fields. Based on the representation generated by the two-mode SU(2) coherent states, we introduce a model of entangled light beams leading to the subtraction of photons in one of the modes, conditioned to the detection of any photon in the other mode. We show that photon subtraction does not produce nonclassical fields from classical fields. It is also derived a compact expression for the output field from which the calculation of conditional probabilities is straightforward for any input state. Examples include the analysis of squeezed-vacuum and odd-squeezed states. We also show that injecting optical cats into a beam splitter gives rise to entangled states in the Bell representation.