Physical Review A

Gauge-invariant Berry phase and quasienergy for a charged system in an electromagnetic field

K. Unnikrishnan

Published Jun 1, 1994• 0 citations

Abstract

A general procedure for calculating the gauge-invariant, nonadiabatic, geometric phase, and dynamic phase of a quantum system in a classical electromagnetic field is outlined. Exact numerical results for an electron in a potential well are presented and analyzed.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.49.5092

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