Despite all negative accounts in many popular and superficial discussions of quantum theory causal and realistic interpretations of the quantum me chanical formalism can be demonstrated to work perfectly well They accept nonlocality as a well established fact and mostly consider a quantum system as analyzable into a local particlelike nonlinearity of a generally nonlocal wavelike mode of some subquantum structure of the vacuum Dirac ether In this view a particle can be considered as being guided along one specific route by the generally nonlocal configurations of superimposed waves which spread along all possible paths of an experimental setup Moreover in the approach of quantum cybernetics an additional focus is on the fact that the energy and momentum of a particle also determine the wave behavior Thus waves and particles are mutually and self consistently defined and quantum cybernetics puts particular emphasis on the circular relationship mediated byplane waves between a quantum system and its macroscopically defined boundary conditions To show how firmly rooted this picture is in the orthodoxquantum theory an example is discussed here on the basis of the standard formalism that makes a systemic approach called for
Despite all negative accounts in many popular and superficial discussions of quantum theory causal and realistic interpretations of the quantum me chanical formalism can be demonstrated to work perfectly well They accept nonlocality as a well established fact and mostly consider a quantum system as analyzable into a local particlelike nonlinearity of a generally nonlocal wavelike mode of some subquantum structure of the vacuum Dirac ether In this view a particle can be considered as being guided along one specific route by the generally nonlocal configurations of superimposed waves which spread along all possible paths of an experimental setup Moreover in the approach of quantum cybernetics an additional focus is on the fact that the energy and momentum of a particle also determine the wave behavior Thus waves and particles are mutually and self consistently defined and quantum cybernetics puts particular emphasis on the circular relationship mediated byplane waves between a quantum system and its macroscopically defined boundary conditions To show how firmly rooted this picture is in the orthodoxquantum theory an example is discussed here on the basis of the standard formalism that makes a systemic approach called for
An approach to quantum phenomena is reviewed that deals with the possibility of their realistic interpretation in the sense that they represent manifestations of hermeneutic circles between quantum “objects” and their experimental boundary conditions. Quantum cybernetics provides an evolutionary perspective in that all higher‐level organizations like molecules, cells, living systems, etc., can be discussed under one and the same systemic viewpoint: a hermeneutic circularity between a “core” (or “nucleus") and a relevant “periphery” (or “environment") which constitutes the systems’ organization and information potential. Generally, in realistic theories, an individual quantum system is analyzable into a local “particle‐like” nonlinearity of a generally nonlocal “wave‐like” mode of some sub‐quantum structure of the vacuum ("Dirac ether"). In this view, a “particle” can be considered as being “guided” along one specific route by the (generally nonlocal) configurations of superimposed waves, which spread along all possible paths of an experimental setup. Moreover, in the approach of Quantum Cybernetics, an additional focus is given on the fact that the energy and momentum of a particle also determine the wave behavior. Thus, “waves” and “particles” are mutually and self‐consistently defined, and Quantum Cybernetics puts particular emphasis on the circular relationship—mediated by plane waves—between a quantum system and its macroscopically defined boundary conditions.
An introduction to some basic ideas of the author's "quantum cybernetics" is given, which depicts waves and "particles" as mutually dependent system components, thus defining "organizationally closed systems" characterized by a fundamental circular causality. According to this, a new derivation of quantum theory's most fundamental equation, the Schroedinger equation, is presented. Finally, it is shown that quantum systems can be described by what Heinz von Foerster has called "nontrivial machines", whereas the corresponding classical counterparts turn out to behave as "trivial machines".
Purpose As any attempts at explaining quantum theory in terms of simple, local “cause‐and‐effect” models have remained unsatisfactory, approaches from the perspectives of systems theory seem called for, which is rich in a variety of more complex understandings of causality. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents one option for such approaches, which the author has introduced previously as “quantum cybernetics”: considering waves (but not “wave functions”!) and “particles” as mutually dependent system components, and thus defining “organizationally closed systems” characterized by a fundamental circular causality. Using such an approach, a new look can be achieved on both classical and quantum physics. Findings It was found that quantum theory's most fundamental equation, the Schrödinger equation, can actually be derived from classical physics, once the latter is considered anew, i.e. under said approach involving both particles and (Huygens) waves. In fact, the only difference to existing views is that Huygens waves are here considered to be real, physically effective waves in some hypothesized sub‐quantum medium, rather than mere formal tools. Originality/value What is particularly new in the present paper is that quantum systems can be described by what Heinz von Foerster has called “nontrivial machines”, whereas the corresponding classical counterparts turn out to behave as “trivial machines”. This should provide enough stimulus for discussing system theoretical issues also in the context of the foundations of quantum theory.
In spite of the recent extraordinary progresses of experimental techniques it does not seem that, after more than seventy years from the birth of quantum mechanics, a unanimous consensus has been reached in the physicist's community on how to understand the "strange" properties of quantons, the wavelike/particlelike objects of the quantum world. In the first paragraph I will briefly recall some results on the problem of decoherence in large quantum systems, which at the same time may be viewed as an attempt of providing a "realistic" physical interpretation of the standard mathematical formulation of the theory. In the following ones I will present a derivation from first principles of the Wigner representation of quantum mechanics in phase space which eliminates altogether from the theory the Schrödinger waves and their questionable properties. This approach leads to the conclusion that the wave/particle duality has nothing to do with "probability waves", but is simply the manifestation of two complementary aspects (continuity vs. discontinuity) of an intrinsically nonlocal physical entity (the quantum field) which objectively exists in ordinary three dimensional space.
The world of physical systems at the most fundamental levels is replete with efficient, interesting models possessing sufficient ability to represent the reality to a considerable extent. So far, quantum mechanics (QM) forming the basis of almost all natural phenomena, has found beyond doubt its intrinsic ingenuity, capacity and robustness to stand the rigorous tests of validity from and through appropriate calculations and experiments. No serious failures of quantum mechanical predictions have been reported, yet. However, Albert Einstein, the greatest theoretical physicist of the twentieth century and some other eminent men of science have stated firmly and categorically that QM, though successful by and large, is incomplete. There are classical and quantum reality models including those based on consciousness. Relativistic quantum theoretical approaches to clearly understand the ultimate nature of matter as well as radiation have still much to accomplish in order to qualify for a final theory of everything (TOE). Mathematical models of better, suitable character as also strength are needed to achieve satisfactory explanation of natural processes and phenomena. We, in this paper, discuss some of these matters with certain apt illustrations as well.
This work proposes a minimal ontological framework for interpreting wave–particle duality as a boundary-sensitive manifestation of quantum phenomena on an underlying, physically real but unobservable background. Rather than treating wave-like and particle-like behaviors as competing physical entities, the framework interprets them as distinct modes of manifestation determined by global boundary conditions. Motivated by interference experiments such as the double-slit setup, the study argues that experimental outcomes depend on boundary-induced modifications of a background structure beyond the local particle path. Within this view, wave-like interference corresponds to a nonlocal manifestation shaped by boundary conditions, while particle-like detection corresponds to localized manifestation events at measurement. The proposed interpretation preserves the standard quantum formalism while offering a realist, boundary-centered conceptual perspective that avoids observer-dependent collapse or multi-path particle propagation. The manuscript is provided as a preprint to invite open scientific discussion and critical evaluation.