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Physical Review A

Slow light with large fractional delays by spectral hole-burning in rubidium vapor

Ryan M. Camacho, Michael Vern Pack, John C. Howell

Published Sep 6, 2006• 56 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report on the experimental realization of large fractional pulse delays in a hot, Doppler-broadened rubidium vapor. A pump laser burns a deep spectral hole in the inhomogeneously broadened vapor. The delay is shown to be widely tunable by both power broadening the resonance and frequency modulating the pump laser. The simplicity of the scheme opens up the possibility for practical optical delays and buffers.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.74.033801

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Physica Scripta•Apr 27, 2012•2 citations
We report on the experimental realization of large fractional pulse delays in a hot, Doppler-broadened rubidium vapor. A pump laser burns a deep spectral hole in the inhomogeneously broadened vapor. The delay is shown to be widely tunable by both power broadening the resonance and frequency modulating the pump laser. The simplicity of the scheme opens up the possibility for practical optical delays and buffers.
We study ultrabroadband slow light in a warm rubidium vapor cell. By working between the D1 and D2 transitions, we find a several-nanometer window centered at 788.4 nm in which the group index is highly uniform and the absorption is small (<1%). We demonstrate that we can control the group delay by varying the temperature of the cell, and we observe a tunable fractional delay of 18 for pulses as short as 250 fs (6.9 nm bandwidth) with a fractional broadening of only 0.65 and a power leakage of 55%. We find that a simple theoretical model is in excellent agreement with the experimental results. Using this model, we discuss the impact of the pulse’s spectral characteristics on the distortion it incurs during propagation through the vapor.
Optically tunable pulse delays in cesium vapor were demonstrated by pumping several D2 transitions and burning holes in the D1 absorption spectrum. A modified sub-Doppler absorption spectroscopy setup was used with counter propagating beams with a Gaussian 7-ns full-width at half-maximum probe pulse is scanned across the D1 absorption spectrum. Probe laser optical delays followed Kramers-Kronig model prediction for Cs D1 without D2 pump laser. Optical control of pulse delay was demonstrated by varying pump intensity. Localized delay effects in agreement with model predictions were observed in the neighborhood of a burnt hole.
We show that the simultaneous application of a copropagating saturating pump and a counterpropagating coherent beam can be used to burn a narrow spectral hole within the absorption line of the optical transition in a Doppler-broadened medium. The large index of refraction of this hole slows down a light pulse by a factor of about 104{10}^{4}104. In addition, we propose a method to create two-color slow light pulses with simultaneous gain by employing a bichromatic field to saturate the medium.
We experimentally studied Zeeman electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonances and slow light propagation in hot Rb vapor. Propagation of weak σ− polarized light pulses in the presence of stronger σ+ polarized background through Rb vapor was realized using a single laser beam and the Pockels cell. The dependences of slow light group velocity and fractional pulse delay on the overall laser beam intensity and temporal pulse length showed that lower optical power and longer light pulses lead to improved EIT and slow light features. The connection between EIT and slow light was also investigated showing that narrower and more contrasted EIT resonances are necessary for further decreasing a group velocity.