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International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN)

An IEEE 802.11 quantum handshake using the three-stage protocol

Mayssaa El Rifai, Pramode K. Verma

Published Aug 1, 2014• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper presents a model of integration of the Three-stage quantum cryptography protocol and its variants into the IEEE 802.11 wireless communication standard. The three-stage protocol is introduced during the quantum handshake as a replacement to the BB'84 protocol. Compared to the quantum handshake using BB'84, integrating the three-stage protocol offers several benefits such as enhanced data rates, fewer steps needed to establish the final key, longer distances, and increased number of photons that can be used during the transmission process. In addition, this paper presents a multi-agent software approach to implement the quantum handshake using the three-stage protocol.

DOI
10.1109/icccn.2014.6911849

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This paper presents a model of integration of the Three-stage quantum cryptography protocol and its variants into the IEEE 802.11 wireless communication standard. The three-stage protocol is introduced during the quantum handshake as a replacement to the BB'84 protocol. Compared to the quantum handshake using BB'84, integrating the three-stage protocol offers several benefits such as enhanced data rates, fewer steps needed to establish the final key, longer distances, and increased number of photons that can be used during the transmission process. In addition, this paper presents a multi-agent software approach to implement the quantum handshake using the three-stage protocol.
This paper presents the integration of multi-photon tolerant quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols into three wireless communication standards. An analysis of the mode of operation and implementation of multi-photon tolerant QKD protocols in IEEE 802.11, WiMAX, and LTE wireless networks is presented along with the benefits and challenges of the proposed schemes. Traditional QKD based on the BB'84 protocol or its derivatives has relied on single photon protocols; however, the authors of this paper have opted to use multi-photon tolerant protocols. The choice of multi-photon tolerant protocols is based on the fact that not only the key distribution process is quantum-secure but also the other parameters (distance, data rate) of communication are maintained, which is not the case in single photon QKD approaches. This can be achieved since multi-photon tolerant protocols do not rely on the presence of no more than single photons per pulse to provide quantum-level security.
Abstract — There are a large variety of kinds of mobile wireless networks, Wi-Fi, based on the IEEE 802.11 standard, is a wireless local area network, mainly used in offices and campus at universities or in meeting rooms. For such limited coverage area, IEEE 802.11 standard may be observed as building oriented environment, which potentially offers a chance to let quantum key distribution (QKD) play a role in the security of wireless communications. In fact, secured data transmission is one of the prime aspects of wireless networks as they are much more vulnerable to security attacks. We can explore the possibility of using Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) for authentication and data encryption for IEEE 802.11 standard. Quantum key distribution is based on the laws of quantum physics which ensure that nobody can measure a state of an arbitrary polarized photon carrying information without introducing disturbances which will be detected by the legitimate user. In the new protocol (BB84) the existing 4-way handshake of IEEE 802.11 has been replaced with the QKD based 4-phase handshake. In the BB84 protocol each photons carry only one bits. So to improve the efficiency in Efficient High Capacity Quantum Cryptography based Key Distribution in WI-FI Network each photons carry two bits. The channels used in the QKD are quantum channel and classical channel. The polarized photons are transmitted through the quantum channel and the classical channel deals with recovering identical secrete keys at both ends. The classical channel comprises of four stages, namely Sifting, Error Estimation, Reconciliation and Privacy Amplification. The Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER) is the measurement of the error probability in the key distributed via the quantum channel. This value allows the users to
The paper presents the implementation of a quantum cryptography protocol for secure communication. As computing power increases, classical cryptography and key management schemes based on computational complexity become increasingly susceptible to brute force and cryptanalytic attacks. Current implementations of quantum cryptography are based on the BB84 protocol, which is susceptible to siphoning attacks on the multiple photons emitted by practical laser sources. The three-stage protocol, whose implementation is described in this paper, is a departure from conventional practice and it obviates some of the known vulnerabilities of the current implementations of quantum cryptography. This paper presents an implementation of the three-stage quantum communication protocol in free-space. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first implementation of a quantum protocol where multiple photons can be used for secure communication.
Wireless networks have become one of the most widely used communication systems in the world. However, providing secure communication for wireless networks has become one of the prime concerns. Quantum cryptography, namely Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), offers the promise of unconditional security. In our paper, we shall extend our previous research work to a new method of integrating quantum cryptography for key distribution in 802.11 wireless networks. Our contributions, based on our previous results [1], are as follows: (1) We shall show how QKD can be used in IEEE 802.11 wireless networks to securely distribute the keys. (2) We shall introduce a method that take the advantage of mutual authentication features offered by some EAP variants of 802.1X Port-Based Network Access Control. (3) Finally, we present a new code called Quantum Message Integrity Code (Q-MIC) which provides mutual authentication between the two communication parties and its implementation
There are a large variety of kinds of mobile wireless networks, Wi-Fi, based on the IEEE 802.11 standard, is a wireless local area network, mainly used in offices and campus at universities, meeting rooms, halls in hotels or in airports. For such limited coverage area, IEEE 802.11 standard is building- oriented environment, which potentially offers a chance to let quantum key distribution (QKD) play a role in the wireless communication. In fact, secured data transmission is one of the prime aspects of wireless networks as they are much more vulnerable to security attacks. In this paper, we explore the possibility of using quantum key distribution (QKD) for authentication and data encryption for IEEE 802.11 standard. It will focus on some basic concept that how QKD merges the wireless communication, in particular the IEEE 802.11 standard. The software implementation of the first two phases of QKD, namely (a) raw key extraction and (b) error estimation, will be carefully investigated in this paper. A TCP/IP based client-server concept has been extended to the implement the communication between two users in C++ language.
Extensive studies have been undertaken on quantum cryptography, which offers unconditionally secure communication based on quantum mechanics, since it was noted that quantum computers could break public key cryptosystems based on number theory. Now there is a strong need of research to exploit this technology in the existing communication networks. While the use of quantum cryptography in fiber optical networks gets significant advances, research on the application of quantum cryptography in mobile wireless network is still premature. There are a large variety of kinds of mobile wireless networks, Wi-Fi, based on the IEEE 802.11 standard, is wireless local area network and due to the limited coverage area, this environment potentially offers a chance to let quantum key distribution (QKD) play a role in the wireless communication. In this paper, we propose a technique of integrating quantum cryptography in 802.11 to provide a secure service of authentication. It is based on integrating QKD in the EAP-TLS conversation to enhance the security of the authentication process.