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Physics of Atomic Nuclei

Boson-fermion Holstein-Primakoff mapping at nonzero temperatures for the example of the Lipkin model

A.I. Vdovin, Alan A. Dzhioev, Aleksej Nikolaevich Storozhenko

Published Oct 1, 2003• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Within the formalism of thermo field dynamics, the boson-fermion Holstein-Primakoff transformation is constructed for the case of nonzero temperatures. For the example of the Lipkin model, the transformation in question is used to construct a thermal Hamiltonian in the form of an expansion in the parameter $${1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 {\sqrt N }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\sqrt N }}$$ , where N is the number of particles in the system. The temperature dependence of quasiparticle (fermion) and collective-excitation (boson) energies is calculated to terms of order 1/N.

DOI
10.1134/1.1619497

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Journal of Physics G Nuclear and Particle Physics•Mar 3, 2000•20 citations
Within the formalism of thermo field dynamics, the boson-fermion Holstein-Primakoff transformation is constructed for the case of nonzero temperatures. For the example of the Lipkin model, the transformation in question is used to construct a thermal Hamiltonian in the form of an expansion in the parameter {1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 {\sqrt N }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\sqrt N }} , where N is the number of particles in the system. The temperature dependence of quasiparticle (fermion) and collective-excitation (boson) energies is calculated to terms of order 1/N.
In the context of the boson expansion theory, it is usually the case that the bosonization of single-boson (fermion) states is ignored. Although this is tolerable to some extent in cold systems, it causes serious difficulties in the treatment of thermal ensembles where the single-boson (fermion) density of states plays an important role. In the framework of the thermo-field dynamics it is shown how extended forms of the Holstein-Primakoff mapping for both bosons and fermions can lead to consistent thermal-boson expansions. Applications to the O(N)O(N)O(N) anharmonic oscillator and the Lipkin model are presented.
For the last decades Boson expansion theory has played an effective role in the development of approximate solutions to the many-body problem in nuclear physics [1]. These techniques also provide promising tools to address solutions for quantum field theories [2]. In a recent work, we have succeeded in combining an extended form of the Holstein-Primakoff mapping (EHPM) [3] with thermofield-dynamics [4] to generate a consistent thermal boson expansion for quantum mechanical systems such as the bosonic O(N) anharmonic oscillator as well as the fermionic Lipkin model [7]. The analogue of the first of these two models in four space-time dimensions can be used to address important questions such as the chiral transition for two flavors QCD or the scattering of pions at zero and finite temperature. It is also found that the EHPM removes number of ambiguities when computing anharmonicities in the next-to-leading order of the 1/N expansion [7], which are very much relevant to the ππ scattering problem, for instance. Furthermore, the EHPM allows to extend the use of the boson expansion approach to quantum systems with internal SU(N) symmetry where one is confronted with theories having tensor couplings LI = fijklφiφjφkφl + gijkφiφjφk +..., (1) and which calls for a simultaneous bosonization of both pair and single modes. This opens, indeed, the possibility to ultimately address the question of the chiral transition in SU(3) flavor QCD in four space-time dimensions. This point, although crucial for the understanding of the QCD phase diagram, has not been adequately addressed before due to the fact that the 1/Nf expansion cannot be correctly sorted out with known techniques [6]. The approach highlighted above and which fundamentally relies on the bosonization of the generators of the Sp2⊗N1 semidirect product group, (aa)I = √ 2+4(n + m)A, (a + a)I =2n+ m, (a)I = √ 2+4(n + m)Γ(m)α +2α + A Γ(m),
An extended Holstein-Primakoff mapping which incorporates both single- and double-fermion mappings is used in the context of thermofield dynamics to study the next-to-leading order of the 1∕N1∕N1∕N expansion at finite temperature. For the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model it is shown that the extended mapping naturally leads to the correct Fermi statistics both in leading and next-to-leading order.
Abstract. A Hamiltonian describing the collective behaviour of N interacting spins can be mapped to a bosonic one employing the Holstein-Primakoff realisation, at the expense of having an infinite series in powers of the boson creation and annihilation operators. Truncating this series up to quadratic terms allows for the obtention of analytic solutions through a Bogoliubov transformation, which becomes exact in the limit N → ∞. The Hamiltonian exhibits a phase transition from single spin excitations to a collective mode. In a vicinity of this phase transition the truncated solutions predict the existence of singularities for finite number of spins, which have no counterpart in the exact diagonalization. Renormalisation allows to extract from these divergences the exact behaviour of relevant observables with the number of spins around the phase transition, and relate it with the class of universality to which the model belongs. In the present work a detailed analysis of these aspects is presented for the Lipkin model.
The flow equations describing the continuous unitary transformation which brings the Hamiltonian closer to diagonality are derived and solved exactly for the Lipkin model in the Holstein-Primakoff boson representation and for a large particle number N . The transformed Hamiltonian is diagonal in order 1/ N 3 , extending known linear transformations to next-higher orders in the inverse particle number. This approach quite naturally allows one to preserve the tridiagonal structure of the original Lipkin Hamiltonian in the course of the transformation. Exact analytical results for the coupling functions and explicit expressions for the ground state energy and for the energy gap to the first excited state in order 1/ N 2 are presented and are compared with the accurate numerical values.