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International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks

Spectrum of the cavity-QED microlaser: Quantum frequency pulling

Kyungwon An

Published Jul 1, 2012• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given. We have investigated the wave properties manifested in the first-order coherence or the spectrum of the cavity-QED microlaser by using a high-sensitive photon-counting-based heterodyne spectroscopy. The emission spectrum exhibited a linewidth broadening due to the quantum frequency pulling effect, namely the frequency pulling dependent on the intracavity atom- and photon-number intrinsic distributions, in the presence of nonzero atom-cavity detuning. We also observed a large per-atom frequency pulling (2.1 kHz maximally), enhanced by the strong atom-cavity coupling. Moreover, a stepwise change in the frequency pulling, associated with the coherent Rabi oscillations, was observed with the increased pumping over multiple thresholds.

DOI
10.1109/icton.2012.6253784

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Summary form only given. We have investigated the wave properties manifested in the first-order coherence or the spectrum of the cavity-QED microlaser by using a high-sensitive photon-counting-based heterodyne spectroscopy. The emission spectrum exhibited a linewidth broadening due to the quantum frequency pulling effect, namely the frequency pulling dependent on the intracavity atom- and photon-number intrinsic distributions, in the presence of nonzero atom-cavity detuning. We also observed a large per-atom frequency pulling (2.1 kHz maximally), enhanced by the strong atom-cavity coupling. Moreover, a stepwise change in the frequency pulling, associated with the coherent Rabi oscillations, was observed with the increased pumping over multiple thresholds.
We report the first experimental observation of the cavity-QED microlaser spectrum, specifically the unconventional frequency pulling brought by a strong atom-cavity coupling at off resonance. The pulling is enhanced quadratically by the atom-cavity coupling to result in a sensitive response to the number of pumping atoms (2.1 kHz per atom maximally). Periodic variation of the pulling due to the coherent Rabi oscillation is also observed as the number of pumping atoms is increased across multiple thresholds.
The spectrum of the cavity-QED microlaser or micromaser is expected to show distinctive features of the coherent light-matter interaction, which are obscured in the conventional Schawlow-Townes linewidth theory. However, the spectral studies have been limited to resonant atom-cavity interaction so far. Here we consider the dispersive interaction in the off-resonance case, from which we uncover a quantum frequency pulling effect in the microlaser or micromaser spectrum. We present a quantum theory of the spectrum which introduces the notion of a frequency-pulling distribution associated with the photon number. In contrast to the conventional laser, periodic variation of the mean frequency pulling is observed with increasing pump parameter and it is attributed to the strong atom-cavity coupling. The pulling distribution gives rise to a spectral broadening, which can be dominant over the nondispersive broadening addressed in the previous works. We also developed a corresponding semiclassical theory and discuss how the introduction of the frequency shift fits in with the extended quantum theory.
We report the observation of multiple laser thresholds in the many-atom cavity QED microlaser. Traveling-wave coupling and a supersonic atom beam are used to create a well-defined atom-cavity interaction. Multiple thresholds are observed as jumps in photon number due to oscillatory gain. Although the number of intracavity atoms is large, up to $N\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{3}$, the dynamics of the microlaser agree with a single-atom theory. This agreement is supported by quantum trajectory simulations of a many-atom microlaser and a semiclassical microlaser theory. We discuss the relation of the microlaser with the micromaser and conventional lasers.
This thesis describes a study of a cavity QED microlaser in which many atoms are present simultaneously and atom-cavity interaction is well-defined. The microlaser is found to display multiple thresholds analogous to first-order phase transitions of the cavity field. Hysteresis is observed as a function of atom-cavity detuning and number of atoms. Data is compared with a rate equation model and fully quantized treatment based on micromaser theory. Good agreement between theory and experiment is found when the cavity is resonant with atoms of the most probable velocity, but long lifetimes of metastable states preclude the observation of true steady-state transition points. For nonzero atom-cavity detuning the microlaser displays broadenings and shifts which are not yet well-understood. Quantum trajectory simulations are performed to investigate many-atom and finite transit time effects in the microlaser. We show that over a wide range of parameters the many-atom microlaser scales with the single-atom theory, with a perturbation in the photon statistics due to cavity decay during the atom transit time.
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